神马作文网急求新天鹅堡的英文介绍!
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急求新天鹅堡的英文介绍!
新天鹅堡（New Swan Stone Castle）是19世纪晚期的建筑,位于德国巴伐利亚西南方,邻近年代较早的高天鹅堡,距离菲森镇约4公里,离德国与奥地利边界不远.这座城堡是巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世的行宫之一.共有360个房间,其中只有14个房间依照设计完工,其他的346个房间则因为国王在1886年逝世而未完成由于白色城堡耸立在高高的山上,其四周环山和湖泊.所以一年四季,风光各异.但在这迷人与浪漫背后,却隐藏着一个年轻皇帝的悲剧.
这个皇帝无治世之才,却充满艺术气质.在新天鹅城堡的对面就是国王童年的夏宫,旧天鹅城堡,那高山平原大湖塑造了年轻国王那浪漫和童话色彩性格,使他萌生了建造新天鹅堡的灵感.他亲自参与设计这座城堡.里面有大量德国天鹅雕塑.他梦想将城堡建成为一个童话般的世界.他一生孤寂,不是面对政治密谋就是人身攻击.在那个革命的年代,他不满于自己徒有名衔的身份,试图改变而又不得其所,因而常与内阁中的长老意见相悖.他与著名作曲家瓦格纳的交往因过度挥霍,以及公私不分而遭内阁人士与人民的强烈反对.因为对现实不满,他致力于创造自己的童话世界.不料,却被举国上下一致反对,因为建造如此辉煌奢华的宫殿,他的国家陷入穷困.当这个城堡就要落成的前夕,1886年6月12日,这个单身富于幻想的当年轻国王最后一次视察了这个城堡的工程进度,返回慕尼黑的途,却消失在夜幕中,第二天清晨在湖中发现国王和医生的尸体.而恰恰在此5天前,巴伐利亚国家医药委员会刚刚宣布路德维希二世患有精神病.当时他只有41岁.路德维希的死给他的家人留下了1500万马克的债务,也给世人留下了未完的梦.世事沧桑,后来德国人把路德维希二世的梦变成了现实,耗费巨资建成的新天鹅城堡,现在已成为德国的象征和世界著名景观.
新天鹅堡（New Swan Stone Castle）是19世纪晚期的建筑,位于德国巴伐利亚西南方,邻近年代较早的高天鹅堡,距离菲森镇约4公里,离德国与奥地利边界不远.这座城堡是巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世的行宫之一.共有360个房间,其中只有14个房间依照设计完工,其他的346个房间则因为国王在1886年逝世而未完成由于白色城堡耸立在高高的山上,其四周环山和湖泊.所以一年四季,风光各异.但在这迷人与浪漫背后,却隐藏着一个年轻皇帝的悲剧.
这个皇帝无治世之才,却充满艺术气质.在新天鹅城堡的对面就是国王童年的夏宫,旧天鹅城堡,那高山平原大湖塑造了年轻国王那浪漫和童话色彩性格,使他萌生了建造新天鹅堡的灵感.他亲自参与设计这座城堡.里面有大量德国天鹅雕塑.他梦想将城堡建成为一个童话般的世界.他一生孤寂,不是面对政治密谋就是人身攻击.在那个革命的年代,他不满于自己徒有名衔的身份,试图改变而又不得其所,因而常与内阁中的长老意见相悖.他与著名作曲家瓦格纳的交往因过度挥霍,以及公私不分而遭内阁人士与人民的强烈反对.因为对现实不满,他致力于创造自己的童话世界.不料,却被举国上下一致反对,因为建造如此辉煌奢华的宫殿,他的国家陷入穷困.当这个城堡就要落成的前夕,1886年6月12日,这个单身富于幻想的当年轻国王最后一次视察了这个城堡的工程进度,返回慕尼黑的途,却消失在夜幕中,第二天清晨在湖中发现国王和医生的尸体.而恰恰在此5天前,巴伐利亚国家医药委员会刚刚宣布路德维希二世患有精神病.当时他只有41岁.路德维希的死给他的家人留下了1500万马克的债务,也给世人留下了未完的梦.世事沧桑,后来德国人把路德维希二世的梦变成了现实,耗费巨资建成的新天鹅城堡,现在已成为德国的象征和世界著名景观.
Neuschwanstein Castle (German:Schloss Neuschwanstein,pronounced [nɔʏˈʃvaːnʃtaɪn]) is a 19th-century Gothic Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near F眉ssen in southwest Bavaria,Germany.The palace was commissioned by Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and as an homage to Richard Wagner.
The palace was intended as a personal refuge for the reclusive king,but it was opened to the paying public immediately after his death in 1886.[1] Since then over 60 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle.[2] More than 1.3 million people visit annually,with up to 6,000 per day in the summer.[3] The palace has appeared prominently in several movies and was the inspiration for Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle[4] and later,similar structures.
Neuschwanstein embodies both the contemporaneous architectural fashion known as castle romanticism (German:Burgenromantik),and Ludwig II's immoderate enthusiasm for the operas of Richard Wagner.In the 19th century many castles were constructed or reconstructed,often with significant changes to make them more picturesque.Palace-building projects similar to Neuschwanstein had been undertaken earlier in several of the German states and included Hohenschwangau Castle,Lichtenstein Castle,Hohenzollern Castle and numerous buildings on the River Rhine such as Stolzenfels Castle.[11] The inspiration for the construction of Neuschwanstein came from two journeys in 1867:One in May to the reconstructed Wartburg near Eisenach,[12] another in July to the Château de Pierrefonds,which Eug猫ne Viollet-le-Duc was transforming from a ruined castle into a historistic palace.
In 1868,the ruins of the medieval twin castles were demolished completely; the remains of the old keep were blown up.[26] The foundation stone for the Palace was laid on September 5,1869; in 1872 its cellar was completed and in 1876,everything up to the first floor.But the Gatehouse was finished first.At the end of the year 1873 it was completed and fully furnished,allowing Ludwig to take provisional lodgings there and observe the further construction work.[25] In 1874,direction of the civil works passed from Eduard Riedel to Georg von Dollmann.[27] The topping out ceremony for the Palas was in 1880,and in 1884,the king could move into the new building.In the same year the direction of the project passed to Julius Hofmann,after Dollmann had fallen in disgrace.
The palace was erected as a conventional brick construction and later encased with other types of rock.The white limestone used for the fronts came from a nearby quarry.[28] The sandstone bricks for the portals and bay windows came from Schlaitdorf in W眉rttemberg.Marble from Untersberg near Salzburg was used for the windows,the arch ribs,the columns and the capitals.The Throne Hall was a later addition to the plans and required a steel framework.
The transport of building materials was facilitated by a scaffolding and a steam crane that lifted the material to the construction site.Another crane was used at the construction site itself.The recently founded Dampfkessel-Revisionsverein (Steam Boiler Inspection Association) regularly inspected both boilers.
Ludwig II (1886)
For about two decades the construction site was the principal employer of the region.[29] In 1880,about 200 craftsmen were occupied at the site,[30] not counting suppliers and other persons indirectly involved in the construction.At times when the king insisted on particularly close deadlines and urgent changes,reportedly up to 300 workers per day were active,sometimes at night by the light of oil lamps.Statistics from the years 1879/1880 support an immense amount of building materials:465 t (513 short tons) of Salzburg marble,1,550 t (1,710 short tons) of sandstone,400,000 bricks and 2,050 m3 (2,680 cu yd) of wood for the scaffolding.
In 1870 a society was founded for insuring the workers,for a low monthly fee,augmented by the king.The heirs of construction casualties (30 cases are mentioned in the statistics) received a small pension.
In 1884 the king could move into the (still unfinished) Palas,[31] and in 1885,he invited his mother Marie to Neuschwanstein on the occasion of her 60th birthday.[nb 5] By 1886,the external structure of the Palas (hall) was mostly finished.[31] In the same year,Ludwig had the first,wooden Marienbr眉cke over the Pöllat Gorge replaced by a steel construction.
Despite its size,Neuschwanstein did not have space for the royal court,but contained only the king's private lodging and servants' rooms.The court buildings served decorative,rather than residential purposes:[10] The palace was intended to serve Ludwig II as a kind of inhabitable theatrical setting.[31] As a temple of friendship it was also devoted to life and work of Richard Wagner,who died in 1883 before he had set foot in the building.[32] In the end,Ludwig II only lived in the palace for a total of 172 days.
The palace was intended as a personal refuge for the reclusive king,but it was opened to the paying public immediately after his death in 1886.[1] Since then over 60 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle.[2] More than 1.3 million people visit annually,with up to 6,000 per day in the summer.[3] The palace has appeared prominently in several movies and was the inspiration for Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle[4] and later,similar structures.
Neuschwanstein embodies both the contemporaneous architectural fashion known as castle romanticism (German:Burgenromantik),and Ludwig II's immoderate enthusiasm for the operas of Richard Wagner.In the 19th century many castles were constructed or reconstructed,often with significant changes to make them more picturesque.Palace-building projects similar to Neuschwanstein had been undertaken earlier in several of the German states and included Hohenschwangau Castle,Lichtenstein Castle,Hohenzollern Castle and numerous buildings on the River Rhine such as Stolzenfels Castle.[11] The inspiration for the construction of Neuschwanstein came from two journeys in 1867:One in May to the reconstructed Wartburg near Eisenach,[12] another in July to the Château de Pierrefonds,which Eug猫ne Viollet-le-Duc was transforming from a ruined castle into a historistic palace.
In 1868,the ruins of the medieval twin castles were demolished completely; the remains of the old keep were blown up.[26] The foundation stone for the Palace was laid on September 5,1869; in 1872 its cellar was completed and in 1876,everything up to the first floor.But the Gatehouse was finished first.At the end of the year 1873 it was completed and fully furnished,allowing Ludwig to take provisional lodgings there and observe the further construction work.[25] In 1874,direction of the civil works passed from Eduard Riedel to Georg von Dollmann.[27] The topping out ceremony for the Palas was in 1880,and in 1884,the king could move into the new building.In the same year the direction of the project passed to Julius Hofmann,after Dollmann had fallen in disgrace.
The palace was erected as a conventional brick construction and later encased with other types of rock.The white limestone used for the fronts came from a nearby quarry.[28] The sandstone bricks for the portals and bay windows came from Schlaitdorf in W眉rttemberg.Marble from Untersberg near Salzburg was used for the windows,the arch ribs,the columns and the capitals.The Throne Hall was a later addition to the plans and required a steel framework.
The transport of building materials was facilitated by a scaffolding and a steam crane that lifted the material to the construction site.Another crane was used at the construction site itself.The recently founded Dampfkessel-Revisionsverein (Steam Boiler Inspection Association) regularly inspected both boilers.
Ludwig II (1886)
For about two decades the construction site was the principal employer of the region.[29] In 1880,about 200 craftsmen were occupied at the site,[30] not counting suppliers and other persons indirectly involved in the construction.At times when the king insisted on particularly close deadlines and urgent changes,reportedly up to 300 workers per day were active,sometimes at night by the light of oil lamps.Statistics from the years 1879/1880 support an immense amount of building materials:465 t (513 short tons) of Salzburg marble,1,550 t (1,710 short tons) of sandstone,400,000 bricks and 2,050 m3 (2,680 cu yd) of wood for the scaffolding.
In 1870 a society was founded for insuring the workers,for a low monthly fee,augmented by the king.The heirs of construction casualties (30 cases are mentioned in the statistics) received a small pension.
In 1884 the king could move into the (still unfinished) Palas,[31] and in 1885,he invited his mother Marie to Neuschwanstein on the occasion of her 60th birthday.[nb 5] By 1886,the external structure of the Palas (hall) was mostly finished.[31] In the same year,Ludwig had the first,wooden Marienbr眉cke over the Pöllat Gorge replaced by a steel construction.
Despite its size,Neuschwanstein did not have space for the royal court,but contained only the king's private lodging and servants' rooms.The court buildings served decorative,rather than residential purposes:[10] The palace was intended to serve Ludwig II as a kind of inhabitable theatrical setting.[31] As a temple of friendship it was also devoted to life and work of Richard Wagner,who died in 1883 before he had set foot in the building.[32] In the end,Ludwig II only lived in the palace for a total of 172 days.