英语翻译求翻译,通,达,雅.Urban Planning in ChinaThe dominance of ideolo

英语翻译
求翻译,通,达,雅.
Urban Planning in China
The dominance of ideology,state control and economic planning on urban planning and development in China is rapidly diminishing after economic reforms in 1978.With the declining role of state enterprises in the economy and investment in cities,the introduction of housing and land reform,and the opening up of Chinese cities to foreign investment,the state and centrally-planned economy have less significant roles to play in influencing the development of cities.Past urban planning practices,which were legitimized by the socialist ideology of planned growth,are now fundamentally challenged.Economic reforms have triggered reorganization of the economy and society on which urban planning operates.Decentralization of decision making,market-led urban development initiatives,retreat from socialist ideology,deregulation and increase in the number of actors and conflicts of interests in land development have fundamentally challenged the practice of urban planning.The deficiency of the conventional urban planning system has been recognized.
The enactment of the 1989 City Planning Act is a major milestone that tries to re-establish and formalize the urban planning system in China to meet the challenges.But,there are still many deficiencies of the urban planning system in dealing with the rapidly changing socio-economic environment.Some of these deficiencies can be traced to the legacies of past planning practice and some are deficiencies of the City Planning Act.Experiments are taking place in Chinese cities which aim to provide better guidance to urban planning and development control from a centrally-planned to transitional economy.These include urban district plans,detailed development control plans and zoning.From a broader examination of current global challenges that confront urban planning in various countries,it can be seen that the problems in China stem from the reorganization of state and market in urban planning.Urban planning in China is now at a crossroads.
The urban planning system needs to undergo both institutional and philosophical reforms,such as the setting up of an urban planning commission,making the detailed development control plan statutory,setting up an independent planning appeal system,better coordination between development control and land leasing,increase in public participation,training of planners and strengthening of professionalism,in order for it to achieve its role in guiding urban development into the 21st century.

Urban Planning in China
The dominance of ideology,state control and economic planning on urban planning and development in China is rapidly diminishing after economic reforms in 1978.With the declining role of state enterprises in the economy and investment in cities,the introduction of housing and land reform,and the opening up of Chinese cities to foreign investment,the state and centrally-planned economy have less significant roles to play in influencing the development of cities.Past urban planning practices,which were legitimized by the socialist ideology of planned growth,are now fundamentally challenged.Economic reforms have triggered reorganization of the economy and society on which urban planning operates.Decentralization of decision making,market-led urban development initiatives,retreat from socialist ideology,deregulation and increase in the number of actors and conflicts of interests in land development have fundamentally challenged the practice of urban planning.The deficiency of the conventional urban planning system has been recognized.
中国的城市规划
1978年经济改革之后,意识形态的桎梏,国家的控制,以及经济计划对城市规划和发展的影响急转直下.伴随着国有企业在经济生活和城市投资中地位日渐式威,以及房屋土地改革的引入和中国城市对外资的开放,国有企业和计划经济已经很难再影响城市的发展.以往被社会主义计划增长理论奉为经典的城市计划经济模式,如今已经发生了根本的改变.经济改革已经引发了经济与社会的重组,而这恰是城市计划经济模式运行的基石.决策的去集中化,市场拉动的城市发展活动,社会主义意识形态的退行,土地发展中去规则化以及利益的冲突和所涉及人员的激增,都极大的改变着城市规划的行径.人们认识到传统城市规划体系的缺失之处.
The enactment of the 1989 City Planning Act is a major milestone that tries to re-establish and formalize the urban planning system in China to meet the challenges.But,there are still many deficiencies of the urban planning system in dealing with the rapidly changing socio-economic environment.Some of these deficiencies can be traced to the legacies of past planning practice and some are deficiencies of the City Planning Act.Experiments are taking place in Chinese cities which aim to provide better guidance to urban planning and development control from a centrally-planned to transitional economy.These include urban district plans,detailed development control plans and zoning.From a broader examination of current global challenges that confront urban planning in various countries,it can be seen that the problems in China stem from the reorganization of state and market in urban planning.Urban planning in China is now at a crossroads.
1989年城市规划法的颁布实施,是中国在城市规划体系重构和正规化的一个里程碑,是中国努力应对挑战的一次重要尝试.但是,在处理日益变化的社会经济环境时,城市规划系统仍然存在着很多缺漏.其中的一些缺漏可以追溯到过去计划经济时代,而另一些是城市规划法本身存在的问题.中国的一些城市正在尝试新的做法,以便为从计划经济转向过渡经济的城市规划和发展控制提供更好的指导和监管.这些做法包括,城市区域规划,详细的发展控制规划和画片规划.从当前全球各个国家都面临的城市规划的挑战来申视的话,不难发现中国的问题来源于国有经济的重组和市场在城市规划中的作用.中国的城市规划正站在历史的十字路口.
The urban planning system needs to undergo both institutional and philosophical reforms,such as the setting up of an urban planning commission,making the detailed development control plan statutory,setting up an independent planning appeal system,better coordination between development control and land leasing,increase in public participation,training of planners and strengthening of professionalism,in order for it to achieve its role in guiding urban development into the 21st century.
城市规划体系需要进行机构和原理上的双改革,例如建立一个城市规划委员会,制定详细的发展控制法,建立一个独立的规划诉讼体系,更好的调解发展控制和土地租用之间的关系,增加公众的参与,对规划者进行培训以提高职业素养,以期在21世纪的城市发展中起到其应有的指导和监督作用.