英语翻译The significant features of impression-die forging impar

英语翻译
The significant features of impression-die forging imparted by tooling are illustrated in Fig.4-1.
Prating line and parting plane:the parting is the line along which the die blocks are in more than one plane,the dies are side to be locked die,while this is not a recommended design characteristic,it is sometimes used to impart desired grain flow properties to the forged part.The location of the parting line affects part removal,die cost and die life,grain flow,production rates,ease of flash removal,and the amount of material to be removed by finish machining.If possible,the parting line should be located in one plane,in a position that minimize side thrusts,and in the central elements of the part.The parting plane,also referred to as the forging plane is a plane perpendicular to the direction of the forging force.It is not always in the same plane as the parting line.
Draft:Draft angle is normally added to all surfaces perpendicular to allow the forged part to be easily removed from the die.Tilting the part in the die produces a natural draft and eliminates the need to add draft angle.The amount of draft does not vary widely from alloy,but it is usually greater on hard to forge alloys and on forcings produced with hammers.Deeper die cavities normally require greater drafts tc ensure release of the forged part.The standard draft angles are 7',5' ,3' ,1' and 0° .Knockout pins must be employed to remove parts from the die halves that have been designed with small or no draft angles.Outside draft angles can normally be smaller than inside draft angles since the cooled pail shrinks away from the die cavity.Since the draft angle imparted to the forged part must be machined away to final specifications.emphasis has been put on the design of near-net-shape and precision forging to improve cost savings of material and reduce overhead.
Webs and ribs:Webs are thin sections on the part that are parallel to the parting plane;ribs are thin sections perpendicular to the parting plane.Both sections are more difficult to forg.

印象模头的显着特点,锻造由工具施加在图1中示出.
撞见线和分型面的分型是在多于一个平面沿着该线的模具块,模具侧被锁定的模具,而这是不推荐的设计特性,它有时被用于赋予所期望的晶粒流向属性的分型线的的伪造part.The位置影响的一部分去除,模具成本和死生活,晶粒流动,生产速率,易于闪光去除的材料的量要除去精加工.如果可能的话,应的分型线位于在一个平面内,在一个位置,最大限度地减少侧推力,并在中央的一部分元素.的分模面,也称为作为锻造平面是锻造力的方向垂直的平面内.它并不总是在相同的平面上的分型线.
气流：拔模角度通常是添加到所有的表面,垂直于允许伪造的部分可以很容易地从模具中取出.倾斜部分在模具中产生的自然通风,并消除了需要添加拔模角.草案的量不很宽的范围内变化的合金,但它通常是大于上难以伪造合金和强迫与hammers.Deeper模腔产生通常需要更大的吃水TC确保锻造部件的释放.的标准草案角是7',5',3',1'和0°.淘汰赛引脚必须删除部分已半模设计的较小,或没有拔模角度.以外的角度可以草案通常小于拔模角内,由于冷却的桶收缩远离模腔.由于草案的角度传授给伪造的部分必须被加工,到最终的规格.一直强调的近净成形和精密锻造,以提高成本节省材料和降低开销的设计.
腹板和肋条：腹板是平行于分模面的一部分上的薄切片;肋薄截面垂直于分模面.这两个部分是难以锻件.