关于初中英语语法?如：什么词后面加DOING 什么词后加TO DO 一些特殊的词加什么的形态 越多也好

关于初中英语语法?
如：什么词后面加DOING 什么词后加TO DO 一些特殊的词加什么的形态 越多也好

过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成.
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b.状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时；发生在后,用一般过去时.
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.
c.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until ,when,after,once,as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A.had written,left B,were writing,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left
答案D."把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时.句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生.因此
前一句应用过去进行时.
注意：had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
过去进行时
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.
2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes
答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时.同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时.
2) As she ___ the newspaper,Granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling B.was reading； fell C.was reading； was falling D.read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when,while,意为"当……之时".描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了."句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如：fall sick.
一．过去将来时的构成：
would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形
如：The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成.
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母.
二．过去将来时的用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态.具体分为：
1．主句为过去时,宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情.如：
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事.
We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言.
2．在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时,用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事.如：
It was a Saturday afternoon.A young man named George had just left school.He was going to start to work the following week,so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午,一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校.因为他准备下周开始工作,所以,决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子.
三．过去将来时的其他表示法：
1．在时间或条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作.如：
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场.
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么.
2．go,come,leave,fly,drive,arrive,start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作.如：
She didn’t say when she was coming again next time.她没说下一次什么时候会再来.
Jim decided they were flying to England next month.吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国.