神马作文网高手帮忙翻译一下!帮忙翻译一下下面这片文章,用在线翻译都不能用,大家帮忙人工翻译一下,谢谢! Foreign direc
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/12 23:23:11
高手帮忙翻译一下!
帮忙翻译一下下面这片文章,用在线翻译都不能用,大家帮忙人工翻译一下,谢谢!
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a “long term commitment to a business endeavor”(UNCTAD 1998, p. 90) by foreign firms in a host country. Between 1990 and 2000,FDI grew from $200 billion to $1.3 trillion, and foreign affiliates currently account for ten percent of the world GDP (UNCTAD 2001, 2002). Yet, despite the significant growth in FDI, firms often face difficult choices regarding the location of the FDI (Dunning 1998). Firms seeking to invest in foreign countries are typically motivated to invest in nations with favorable economic, institutional, and regulatory conditions. In addition, foreign firms may be attracted to certain host country cultural charac- teristics (Dunning 1998). Yet surprisingly, the influence of host country culture on FDI has seldom been tested in a large sample of nations. In this paper, we seek to advance the understanding of the influence of host country national culture in shaping the location choices of foreign firms. Specifically, we address the question: Does host country national culture (i.e., uncertainty avoidance and trust) influence the location decisions of foreign firms?
We suggest that firm preferences for a particular national culture, in aggregate, are manifested in the total FDI a host country receives. Specifically, we argue that countries with low levels of uncertainty avoidance and high levels of trust are moreattractive destinations for foreign firms. In addition to the main effects, we also focus on the interactive effects of uncertainty avoidance and trust on FDI. Because these cultural values underlie business practices (Hofstede 2001), they are poten- tially parsimonious explanations for cross-national differences in actual FDI in- flows, which are not attributable to economic, institutional, policy-based, and reg-ulatory factors.
Our study is among the first that examine and demonstrate the main and interactive effects of host country cultural values on location decisions of foreign firms. Our findings clearly emphasize the important role host country culture may play in shaping FDI. In addition to the main effect of uncertainty avoidance and partial effect of trust on FDI, we built theoretical arguments for interactive effects of cultural variables on FDI, utilizing the notion that trust has a radius, which is reduced by uncertainty avoidance. Further, controlling for economic, human capital, and governance infrastructure variables, we indeed found that the effect of trust on FDI was greater, when uncertainty avoidance was low. Our study also contributes to the research on cultural values: To our knowledge, it is the first study that translated the notion of value trumping, according to which certain values can take precedence over others depending on the situation, into testable interaction hypotheses.
帮忙翻译一下下面这片文章,用在线翻译都不能用,大家帮忙人工翻译一下,谢谢!
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a “long term commitment to a business endeavor”(UNCTAD 1998, p. 90) by foreign firms in a host country. Between 1990 and 2000,FDI grew from $200 billion to $1.3 trillion, and foreign affiliates currently account for ten percent of the world GDP (UNCTAD 2001, 2002). Yet, despite the significant growth in FDI, firms often face difficult choices regarding the location of the FDI (Dunning 1998). Firms seeking to invest in foreign countries are typically motivated to invest in nations with favorable economic, institutional, and regulatory conditions. In addition, foreign firms may be attracted to certain host country cultural charac- teristics (Dunning 1998). Yet surprisingly, the influence of host country culture on FDI has seldom been tested in a large sample of nations. In this paper, we seek to advance the understanding of the influence of host country national culture in shaping the location choices of foreign firms. Specifically, we address the question: Does host country national culture (i.e., uncertainty avoidance and trust) influence the location decisions of foreign firms?
We suggest that firm preferences for a particular national culture, in aggregate, are manifested in the total FDI a host country receives. Specifically, we argue that countries with low levels of uncertainty avoidance and high levels of trust are moreattractive destinations for foreign firms. In addition to the main effects, we also focus on the interactive effects of uncertainty avoidance and trust on FDI. Because these cultural values underlie business practices (Hofstede 2001), they are poten- tially parsimonious explanations for cross-national differences in actual FDI in- flows, which are not attributable to economic, institutional, policy-based, and reg-ulatory factors.
Our study is among the first that examine and demonstrate the main and interactive effects of host country cultural values on location decisions of foreign firms. Our findings clearly emphasize the important role host country culture may play in shaping FDI. In addition to the main effect of uncertainty avoidance and partial effect of trust on FDI, we built theoretical arguments for interactive effects of cultural variables on FDI, utilizing the notion that trust has a radius, which is reduced by uncertainty avoidance. Further, controlling for economic, human capital, and governance infrastructure variables, we indeed found that the effect of trust on FDI was greater, when uncertainty avoidance was low. Our study also contributes to the research on cultural values: To our knowledge, it is the first study that translated the notion of value trumping, according to which certain values can take precedence over others depending on the situation, into testable interaction hypotheses.
1楼2楼,别这样吗
外国的直接投资 (FDI) 是一个 " 对生意努力的长期承诺 "(UNCTAD 1998 ,p.90) 藉着外国公司在一个地主国中.在 1990 和 2000之间,FDI 成长从二千亿元到 $1.3 兆,而且外国的加入者现在占世界国内生产毛额的十百分比.(UNCTAD 2001,2002) 然而,尽管 FDI 的重要生长,公司时常面对关于 FDI 的位置困难的选择.(催讨 1998) 寻求投资在外国的国家公司典型地被给与动机投资在有有利的经济,制度的,和管制的情况国家.除此之外,外国的公司可能被吸引到特定的地主国文化的 charac- teristics.(催讨 1998) 然而令人惊讶地,地主国的影响力在 FDI 上的文化很少没有在一个国家的大样品中被测试.在这一张纸中,我们寻求在形成外国公司的位置选择方面前进地主国国民文化的影响力的理解.明确地,我们向问题发表演说:地主国国民文化 (也就是,不确定避免和信赖) 影响外国公司的位置决定?
我们建议坚定的偏爱对于特别的国民文化,在合计中,在一个地主国接受的总 FDI 被显示.明确地,我们争论与低度不确定避免和高度信赖的国家是外国的公司 moreattractive 目的地.除了主要的效果之外,我们也把重心集中在不确定避免和信赖对 FDI 的交谈式效果.因为这些文化的价值位于生意练习 (Hofstede 2001) 之下,他们是 poten- tially 吝啬的解释为跨国家的不同在真实的 FDI 中在-流程,不归属于经济又制度的,以政策为基础的,和普通型- ulatory 因素.
我们的研究是在调查并且示范在外国公司的位置决定方面的地主国的主要和交谈式效果文化的价值第一之中.我们的调查结果清楚地强调重要的角色地主国文化可能在形成 FDI 方面玩.除了不确定避免和信赖对 FDI 的部分效果的主要效果之外,我们为文化变数对 FDI 的交谈式效果建造理论上的争论,利用观念信赖有一个半径,这被不确定避免减少.促进,为经济又人类的首都 ,和统治系统内各部分变数控制,当不确定避免是低点的时候我们的确发现信赖对 FDI 的效果是比较棒的.我们的研究也成为在文化的价值方面的研究因素:到我们的知识,它是第一项翻译了打出王牌的价值观念的研究,依照哪一特定的价值能在其它之上领先仰赖情形,进入可测试的交互作用假定之内.
外国的直接投资 (FDI) 是一个 " 对生意努力的长期承诺 "(UNCTAD 1998 ,p.90) 藉着外国公司在一个地主国中.在 1990 和 2000之间,FDI 成长从二千亿元到 $1.3 兆,而且外国的加入者现在占世界国内生产毛额的十百分比.(UNCTAD 2001,2002) 然而,尽管 FDI 的重要生长,公司时常面对关于 FDI 的位置困难的选择.(催讨 1998) 寻求投资在外国的国家公司典型地被给与动机投资在有有利的经济,制度的,和管制的情况国家.除此之外,外国的公司可能被吸引到特定的地主国文化的 charac- teristics.(催讨 1998) 然而令人惊讶地,地主国的影响力在 FDI 上的文化很少没有在一个国家的大样品中被测试.在这一张纸中,我们寻求在形成外国公司的位置选择方面前进地主国国民文化的影响力的理解.明确地,我们向问题发表演说:地主国国民文化 (也就是,不确定避免和信赖) 影响外国公司的位置决定?
我们建议坚定的偏爱对于特别的国民文化,在合计中,在一个地主国接受的总 FDI 被显示.明确地,我们争论与低度不确定避免和高度信赖的国家是外国的公司 moreattractive 目的地.除了主要的效果之外,我们也把重心集中在不确定避免和信赖对 FDI 的交谈式效果.因为这些文化的价值位于生意练习 (Hofstede 2001) 之下,他们是 poten- tially 吝啬的解释为跨国家的不同在真实的 FDI 中在-流程,不归属于经济又制度的,以政策为基础的,和普通型- ulatory 因素.
我们的研究是在调查并且示范在外国公司的位置决定方面的地主国的主要和交谈式效果文化的价值第一之中.我们的调查结果清楚地强调重要的角色地主国文化可能在形成 FDI 方面玩.除了不确定避免和信赖对 FDI 的部分效果的主要效果之外,我们为文化变数对 FDI 的交谈式效果建造理论上的争论,利用观念信赖有一个半径,这被不确定避免减少.促进,为经济又人类的首都 ,和统治系统内各部分变数控制,当不确定避免是低点的时候我们的确发现信赖对 FDI 的效果是比较棒的.我们的研究也成为在文化的价值方面的研究因素:到我们的知识,它是第一项翻译了打出王牌的价值观念的研究,依照哪一特定的价值能在其它之上领先仰赖情形,进入可测试的交互作用假定之内.