英译汉 经济全球化全球化是不以人的意志为转移的社会进程,又是具有内在矛盾性和两面性的动态发展过程.它虽然为很多国家的发展

英译汉 经济全球化
全球化是不以人的意志为转移的社会进程,又是具有内在矛盾性和两面性的动态发展过程.它虽然为很多国家的发展提供了难得的历史机遇,但其间又充满了利益的差异、竞争甚至冲突,从某种意义上说就是“全球化范围的竞争”.全球化给当代国际关系带来了多方面的复杂影响.
1、全球化加深了各国的相互依赖,进一步确定了和平和发展仍是时代的主题；但它的不平衡性也使强权政治在一定时期内有所抬头,多极化仍将是一个长期而曲折的过程.全球化进程的不断加速使各国在经济等领域的相互依赖、相互渗透持续加深,共同利益也不断增加.尤其是大国间形成了一种既相互磨擦、相互竞争,又相互合作、相互制约的关系,单个大国独立解决或垄断国际事务的能力正在下降,动辄进行干涉、制裁乃至战争等损害别国利益的做法往往会反作用于己.这些趋势的发展使得各国在处理国际争端时,更多地采取协调与合作的方式,更多地去寻找利益的交汇点.任何偶发的、严重的事件都难以改变世界政治经济基本的运行态势.但由于现阶段的全球化进程是在国际经济旧秩序没有根本改变的情况下出现的,西方发达国家是最大的受益者和主导者,发展中国家总体上却处于更为不利的局面,国际力量格局对比失衡的问题非常严重.
2、全球化使广大发展中国家在国家主权问题上面临越来越多的挑战和压力,并面临如何有效维护国家的经济安全等新课题.
在全球化进程中,各国的地位和处境很不相同,中国等发展中国家在主权问题上就面临着空前的压力和挑战.首先,全球化扩大了强国与弱国之间的主权不平等.从相互关系中双方的地位来看,发达国家对高技术、资本的垄断使发展中国家始终处于被动和脆弱的地位.其次,全球化进程需要越来越多的国际组织和国际规则.而发达国家凭借其雄厚的综合实力在几乎所有的国际机制中拥有更多的发言权,由此产生的国际行为规则必然使发达国家拥有更大的自由度.发达国家为维护其既得利益,总是试图在“人权高于主权”、“主权有限论”的幌子下要求发展中国家让出部分国家主权,并以此为借口干涉他国内政,其真实意图在于牺牲发展中国家的利益维护其自身利益.与国家主权密切相关的就是国家安全问题.由于全球化趋势涉及了人类社会的方方面面,一国安全除军事层面外必然还会涉及金融、信息、环境、能源等问题.这些领域的安全问题与军事安全相比,其重要性已不可低估.尤其在国际经济活动因全球化进程而空前广泛和复杂的情况下,经济安全问题日益突出,金融安全更是重中之重.全球化时代,资本几乎可以在世界范围内不受限制地流动,主权国家对金融或经济的掌握也相应减弱.一旦市场规则被恶意、无序、无约束地滥用,成熟市场对不成熟市场就具有侵略性,资本的力量将会对一国经济和社会安全形成致命的打击,其危害绝不亚于一场战争带来的损失.因此,如何维护国家的经济安全、金融安全等非传统意义上的国家安全已是包括中国在内的广大发展中国家不得不严肃面对的问题.
3、当前国际关系中的一个新特点是,世界各国将就全球化时代国际关系行为规则的制订和改革展开激烈斗争.
一个能给世界各国带来“共赢”的全球化必须以法律和制度为保障.全球化客观上要求国际机制在国际关系中发挥越来越强的作用,要求国际机制具有真正的行动能力.但现在处理全球政治和经济问题的国际机制,如国际货币基金组织、世界贸易组织、联合国、七国集团等,几乎都是在冷战时期形成并且是由西方大国主导的.冷战结束后,这些机制的功能和性质受到越来越多的怀疑,已不能令人满意地解决全球化过程中出现的新问题.

Globalization is not a people's will in the social process,is inherently contradictory and two-sided dynamic development process.Although many countries it is the development of a rare historical opportunity,but it has also been filled with the differences of interest,competition and even conflict,in a sense that "the context of globalization of competition." Globalization has brought many aspects of contemporary international relations and the complexity of the impact.
1,globalization has deepened the interdependence of nations,and further identified peace and development remain the themes of the times; but it is also the uneven power politics in a period of time on the rise,multi-polarization will continue to be a long-term and tortuous process.The process of globalization accelerates and to enable countries in the economic and other fields of interdependence,mutual penetration continued to deepen,the common interests on the rise.Between major powers in particular,formed a kind of friction between both competing with one another,but also mutual cooperation and mutual restraint between a single large country's independence,the ability to solve or monopolize international affairs is declining,frequent intervention,sanctions and even war damage to the interests of other countries practice often counter-productive to have.These trends led the development of countries in dealing with international disputes by adopting a more coordinated and cooperative manner,more to find the intersection of interests.Of any accidental,serious events are difficult to change the basic operation of the world's political and economic situation.However,at this stage of the process of globalization is the old international economic order there is no fundamental change in circumstances occurs,the Western developed countries are the biggest beneficiaries and the leader of developing countries in general have a more unfavorable situation,the international forces pattern of the problem is very serious imbalance.
2,globalization at the national sovereignty of the developing countries face increasing challenges and pressures,and faced with how to effectively safeguard national economic security,and other new topics.
In the globalization process,national status and situation is very different,China and other developing countries on the issue of sovereignty is facing unprecedented pressures and challenges.First of all,globalization has increased the power and the sovereignty of the weak inequalities between countries.From the mutual relations between the positions of point of view,the developed high-tech,capital of the monopoly to enable developing countries has always been in a passive and vulnerable position.Second,the globalization process requires an increasing number of international organizations and international rules.In developed countries,with its strong comprehensive strength in almost all international institutions,have more say in the international rules of conduct resulting in developed countries is bound to have a greater degree of freedom.Developed countries to safeguard their vested interests,always trying to "human rights overriding sovereignty" and "limited sovereignty" theory under the guise require developing countries to give up part of the national sovereignty,and use it as an excuse to interfere in the internal affairs of its true intention is to the expense of the interests of developing countries to safeguard their own interests.And national sovereignty is closely related to national security.As the trend of globalization of human society involved in every aspect of a country's security in addition to military level,things will inevitably involve finance,information,environment,energy and other issues.Security issues in these areas,compared with the military security and its importance should not be underestimated.Especially in international economic activities,the process of globalization to an unprecedented broad and complex circumstances,economic security is increasingly prominent,and financial security is top priority.The era of globalization,capital is almost unrestricted flow in the world,sovereign state control of financial or economic correspondingly weakened.Once the market rules are malicious and disorderly,without restraint,abuse,mature market mature market,the aggressive,and capital strength will be on a country's economic and social security form a fatal blow,the harm in no way inferior to a damage caused by the war.Therefore,how to safeguard national economic security,financial security and other non-traditional sense of national security is the vast number of developing countries,including China,have serious problems.
3,the current international relations,a new feature is the era of globalization,the world will the formulation of rules of conduct of international relations and reform of fierce fighting.
To give the world to bring a "win-win" of globalization must be based on laws and institutions for the protection.Objectively,the international mechanisms of globalization in international relations play an increasingly strong role in the international mechanism has a real capacity for action.But now to deal with global political and economic issues of international mechanisms,such as the International Monetary Fund,the World Trade Organization,the United Nations,the Group of Seven and so on,are almost always formed during the Cold War and is dominated by the Western powers.After the Cold War,the function and nature of these mechanisms are more and more doubts no longer a satisfactory solution to the globalization process,new problems arise.