什么叫主动表被动The chair looks very hard,but it is very comfortable
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什么叫主动表被动
The chair looks very hard,but it is very comfortable to sit on.
为什么这句是主动表被动呢?
The chair looks very hard,but it is very comfortable to sit on.
为什么这句是主动表被动呢?
1.表示被动含义的主动动词?
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义.常见的有taste(吃起来),sound (听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口.
2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词.常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上) ,open(打开),act(上演)等,例如:
The door won't open.这门打不开.
It can't move.它不能动.
3)一些与well(很),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如:sell(销售) ,wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等,例如:
The book sells well.
这种书很畅销.
These clothes wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗.
4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如:
This material has worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了.
The dust has blownsintosthe house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子.
2.表示被动含义的主动结构?
1)动名词
be worth(值得),want (=need)(需要),need(需要),require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如:
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
这些幼苗将需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).
你的头发该剪了.
2)不定式?
作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如:
Give him some books to read.
给他点书看.
He has a family to support.
他要维持一个家庭.
There is a lot of work to do.
有许多工作要干.
当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如:
There is so much work to do/to be done.
有这么多事情要做.
Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted.
把那些要联系的人的名字给我.
在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义.适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),cheap(便宜的),dangerous(危险的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),important(重要的),nice(令人愉快的),pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:
That question is difficult to answer.
那个问题不容易回答.
Chicken?s legs are nice to eat.
鸡腿很好吃.
在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动.然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:〖HJ*5/9〗
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁负责?
The house is to let.此房出租.
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做.
3)特殊结构?
①“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”.例如:
The building is under construction.
这座楼正在建设中.
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).
整个事情正在讨论中.
经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理),treatment(治疗),question(质问)等.
②“be worthy of +名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如:
a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人?
nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情?
此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式.
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义.常见的有taste(吃起来),sound (听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口.
2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词.常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上) ,open(打开),act(上演)等,例如:
The door won't open.这门打不开.
It can't move.它不能动.
3)一些与well(很),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如:sell(销售) ,wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等,例如:
The book sells well.
这种书很畅销.
These clothes wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗.
4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如:
This material has worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了.
The dust has blownsintosthe house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子.
2.表示被动含义的主动结构?
1)动名词
be worth(值得),want (=need)(需要),need(需要),require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如:
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
这些幼苗将需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).
你的头发该剪了.
2)不定式?
作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如:
Give him some books to read.
给他点书看.
He has a family to support.
他要维持一个家庭.
There is a lot of work to do.
有许多工作要干.
当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如:
There is so much work to do/to be done.
有这么多事情要做.
Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted.
把那些要联系的人的名字给我.
在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义.适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),cheap(便宜的),dangerous(危险的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),important(重要的),nice(令人愉快的),pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:
That question is difficult to answer.
那个问题不容易回答.
Chicken?s legs are nice to eat.
鸡腿很好吃.
在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动.然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:〖HJ*5/9〗
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁负责?
The house is to let.此房出租.
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做.
3)特殊结构?
①“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”.例如:
The building is under construction.
这座楼正在建设中.
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).
整个事情正在讨论中.
经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理),treatment(治疗),question(质问)等.
②“be worthy of +名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如:
a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人?
nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情?
此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式.
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