英语翻译1,什么是真核细胞a真核细胞 eukaryotic cell 指含有真核（被核膜包围的核）的细胞.其染色体数在一

英语翻译
1,什么是真核细胞
a真核细胞 eukaryotic cell 指含有真核（被核膜包围的核）的细胞.其染色体数在一个以上,能进行有丝分裂.还能进行原生质流动和变形运动.而光合作用和氧化磷酸化作用则分别由叶绿体和线粒体进行.除细菌和蓝藻植物的细胞以外,所有的动物细胞以及植物细胞都属于真核细胞.由真核细胞构成的生物称为真核生物.在真核细胞的核中,DNA与组蛋白等蛋白质共同组成染色体结构,在核内可看到核仁.在细胞质内膜系统很发达,存在着内质网、高尔基体、线粒体和溶酶体等细胞器,分别行使特异的功能.
b内质网（endoplasmicreticulum）：由膜围成一个连续的管道系统.；粗面内质网（roughendoplasmicreticulum,RER）,表面附有核糖体,参与蛋白质的合成和加工；光面内质网（smoothendoplasmicreticulum,SER）表面没有核糖体,参与脂类合成.
膜结合细胞器(membrane-bound organelles)或膜结合区室(membrane-bound compartments)
C膜结合细胞器 指细胞质中所有具有膜结构的细胞器,包括细胞核、内质网、高尔基体、溶酶体、分泌泡、线粒体、叶绿体和过氧化物酶体等.由于它们都是封闭的膜结构,内部都有一定的空间
d溶酶体（lysosome）为细胞浆内由单层脂蛋白膜包绕的内含一系列酸性水解酶的小体.是细胞内具有单层膜囊状结构的细胞器,溶酶体内含有许多种水解酶类,能够分解很多种物质,溶酶体被比喻为细胞内的“酶仓库”“消化系统”.
溶酶体的功能有二：一是与食物泡融合,将细胞吞噬进的食物或致病菌等大颗粒物质消化成生物大分子,残渣通过外排作用排出细胞；二是在细胞分化过程中,某些衰老细胞器和生物大分子等陷入溶酶体内并被消化掉,这是机体自身重新组织的需要.
2,描述红细胞
红细胞成熟时,没有核膜、线粒体膜等膜结构
3,真核功能的红细胞
a红细胞是人体骨髓产生的呈双面凹陷、周边稍厚的圆盘形无核细胞,平均直径为7．5微米,厚度约为1．7微米,平均容量为83立方微米,表面积约为145平方微米.在血液中约44%容积为细胞性成分,其中绝大部分为红细胞.在1微升血液中,男性平均有红细胞500万,女性平均约有460万.除水分外,血红蛋白为红细胞的主要成分.

1 What is eukaryotic cell
a Eukaryotic cell refers to cell that has eukaryotic nucleus(nucleus that is surrounded by nuclear membrane).Its chromosome number is more than one and it is able to carry out mitosis.It can also carry out protoplasm movement and metamorphosis.Photosynthesis and oxidation and phosphorylation are carried out by chloroplasts and mitochondria respectively.Except for the cells of bacteria and blue-green algae,all the animal cells and plant cells are eukaryotic cells.Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotic organisms.In the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms,proteins like DNA and histone,etc together make up the structure of chromosomes.The nucleolus can be observed in the nucleus.The memebrane system inside the cytoplasm are very advanced,including celluar organelles like the endoplamic network,Golgi apparatus,mitochondria and cytolysosome,etc.They implement specific functions respectively.
b endoplasmic reticulum:a continuous pipe system surrounded by memebranes.The surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) contains ribosomes which take part in the synthesis and processing of proteins;there is no ribosome on the surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) to take part in the synthesis of fat.Membrane-bound organelles or membrane-bound compartments.(这句话不完整)
C Memerane-bound organelles refer to all the organelles inside the cytoplasm that have membrane structures,including nucleus,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi apparatus,cytolysosome,vesicles,mitochondria,chloroplasts and peroxide catalase,etc.Since they are all closed membrane structures,they have some space inside.
d Lysosome is an organelle inside the cytoplasm that is surrounded by single fatty protein membranes and contains a series of acidic hydrolases.It is an organelle inside the cell that has single membrane structure.Lysosome contains many types of hydrolases which can break down many substances.Lysosome is likened to the enzyme warehouse or digestive system inside the cell.
Lysosome has two functions:one is that it can fuse with food vesicles,digest large particles like food engulfed by the cell or pathogenic bacteria,etc into large molecules,and eject residues out of the cell;the other function is that druing the celluar differentiation process,some old organells and molecules,etc are engulfed into and digested by lysosomes.This is due to the need of the organism to re-organise itself.
2 describe red blood cells
When the red blood cells mature,it no longer has any membrane structures like nuclear memebrane and mitochondrion membrane.
3 Eukaryotic red blood cells
a Reb blodd cells are rounded,nucleusless cells within the human bone marrow which are biconcave and thick at the edges.They have an average radius of 7.5 mirometers,a thickness of 1.7 micrometers,an average capacity of 83 cube micrometers,and an average surface area of approximately 145 square micrometers.About 44% of the blood 's capacity are cellular components,most of which are red blood cells.In one microliter of blood,males have an average of 5000 thousands,females have an average of about 4600 thousands.Other than water,haemoglobins are the main components of red blood cells.