用英文的三段话解释一下civilization,有谁可以帮帮忙,

用英文的三段话解释一下civilization,有谁可以帮帮忙,
用三段话

"Civilization" is often,however,should not be identified and used as a synonym for the broader term "culture" in both popular and academic circles.[1] By nature,all human beings participate in specific cultures,defined as "the arts,customs,habits...beliefs,values,behavior and material habits that constitute a people's way of life".[2] However,in its most widely used definition,civilization is a descriptive term that may imply its presence as identified by a relatively complex agricultural and urban culture.
Civilization is not the same thing as culture or society.It is one type of culture,based on a complex of stories,institutions,and artifacts— that both leads to and emerges from the growth of cities (civilization,see civil:from civis,meaning citizen,from Latin civitatis,meaning city-state),with cities being defined—so as to distinguish them from camps,villages,and so on—as people living permanently in one place in densities high enough to require the routine importation of food and other necessities of life.
In an older but still frequently used sense,the term "civilization" can be used in a normative manner as well:in societal contexts where complex and urban cultures are assumed to be superior to other "savage" or "barbarian" cultures,the concept of "civilization" is used as a synonym for "cultural (and often ethical) superiority of certain groups." In a similar sense,civilization can mean "refinement of thought,manners,or taste".[3] This normative notion of civilization is heavily rooted in the thought that urbanized environments provide a higher living standard,encompassed by both nutritional benefits and mental potentialities.Civilization requires advanced knowledge of:science,trade,art,government,and farming,within a society.
In his book The Philosophy of Civilization,Albert Schweitzer,one of the main philosophers on the concept of civilization,outlined the idea that there are dual opinions within society; one regarding civilization as purely material and another regarding civilization as both ethical and material.He stated that the current world crisis was,then in 1923,due to a humanity having lost the ethical conception of civilization.In this same work,he defined civilization,saying:
It is the sum total of all progress made by man in every sphere of action and from every point of view in so far as the progress helps towards the spiritual perfecting of individuals as the progress of all progress.
In the sixth century,the Roman Emperor Justinian oversaw the consolidation of Roman civil law.The resulting collection is called the Corpus Juris Civilis.In the 11th century,professors at the University of Bologna,Western Europe's first university,rediscovered Corpus Juris Civilis,and its influence began to be felt across Western Europe.In 1388,the word civil appeared in English meaning "of or related to citizens".[4] In 1704,civilization began to mean "a law which makes a criminal process into a civil case." Civilization was not used in its modern sense to mean "the opposite of barbarism" — as contrasted to civility,meaning politeness or civil virtue — until the 18th century.
According to Emile Benveniste (1954[5]),the earlist written occurrence in English of civilization in its modern sense may be found in Adam Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society (Edinburgh,1767 - p.2):
Not only the individual advances from infancy to manhood,but the species itself from rudeness to civilization.