英语翻译Ostertagia ostertagi,the medium stomach worm of cattle,i

英语翻译
Ostertagia ostertagi,the medium stomach worm of cattle,is an economically significant parasite.The adults are found on the mucosa of the abomasums,where male and female mate and produce eggs.Eggs are passed out of the digestive tract in feces.Depending on the conditions of temperature and moisture,the eggs will hatch and larval stages will develop.Adverse weather during winter reduces the chances of survival of free living stages.Under ideal conditions,larvae reach the infective stage in 2 weeks or less.The infective stage could survive in soil or vegetation for several months.Cattle,as the hoet,ingest the infective stage along with vegetation.The larvae can develop into the adult stage in 3 weeks.However,this development may be inhibited or delayed for as long as 6 months.This delay may be caused by the immunity of the host,but research it is more likely caused by conditioning of the infective larval stage in a cold environment prior to ingestion.
Clinical signs of diarrhea and unthriftiness occur when the young adult parasites emerge from the gastric muccosa.At this time,there are considerable changes in the stomach wall,which becomes thickened and red around the white nodular areas where the adult emerged .The number of parasites determines the extent of damage and the severity of clinical signs.
This information suggests several possibilities for control.The first and most obvious is to deprive the free-living,infective stage of the larvae of a host for a sufficient time to prevent survival .This would require removing cattle from potentially infected pastures for several months,possibly,over winter ,and may not be economically feasible.The second possibility is to prevent the adult females from producing eggs to perpetuate the cycle.At present,the administration of drugs,to infected cattle destroys the adults.This relieves the host from the burden of supporting the parasites and reduces egg contamination.The larval stages remain embedded in the gastric mucosa and must be dealt with as they emerge.In severe infestations,administering antiparasitc drugs every 10 days eventually eliminates supply of infective larvae.
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Ostertagia ostertagi、中等胃的蠕虫的牛羊,牲畜,是一种经济上的重要的寄生虫大人们也发现abomasums黏膜,那里的男性和女性的伴侣,产生卵子蛋是消化道的分发粪便中取决于这些条件的温度和潮湿,鸡蛋孵化和幼虫阶段,将发展不利天气在冬季减少了存活的机会的自由生活阶段在最理想的条件下,实现感染性阶段幼虫在两个星期内或更少感染性阶段的能在土壤和植被了几个月牛,为hoet,吞噬感染性阶段随着植被幼虫可以发展到成熟阶段在3个星期然而,这样的发展,可以抑制或推迟长达6个月的. 这次延误可能是由于机体免疫力的主人,但是研究它更可能是空调引起的感染性幼体阶段前在寒冷的环境中摄入.
临床症状的痢疾和unthriftiness发生在这个年轻人出现在胃muccosa寄生虫在这个时候,上有很大的变化,从而成为肠胃壁增厚和红色的地方在白结节状的成人出现寄生虫的.电话号码决定了破坏程度和临床症状的严重程度.
这个信息提出几种可能性,控制第一步,也是最明显的是为要屈枉模式、感染性阶段的幼虫主人的过足够长的时间来防止生存.这需要消除潜在感染牛草场,可能还有几个月在冬天,并不得经济上可行的第二种可能性是为了防止成年女性生产鸡蛋延续循环目前,药物,可以管理牲畜破坏成年人被感染从这减轻主人的负担,减少污染的寄生虫蛋幼虫阶段的保持镶嵌在胃