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系表动词(系表结构)

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系表动词
系表动词(系表结构)
解题思路: 系表结构
解题过程:
系表结构 系表结构有两部分构成:连系动词和表语。下面分别解释一下:
一 连系动词:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词无被动语态.
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting.  他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery.  此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.  他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.  他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 
  这种布手感很软。
 This flower smells very sweet. 
 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
  这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
  He became mad after that.  自那之后,他疯了。
  She grew rich within a short time.  她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
  The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
  The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
  His plan turned out a success.  他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
注意:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
   He fell ill yesterday. 
  他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
   He fell off the ladder. 
  他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
He is growing very fast. ---不及物动词
I am growing apples in my backyard.---及物动词
The sea is growing rough.---连系动词
He is tasting the food.--- 及物动词
The food tastes good.--- 连系动词
二 表语:
下列成分都可以做表语:名词, 形容词,副词, 动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,表语从句.
使用举例(注意:连系动词不能够单独作谓语,他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):
1) 名词:
  False: I am.
  Right: I am a student.
2) 形容词:
  False: He became.
  Right: He became strong.
3) 副词:
  False: She remained.
  Right: She remained there.
4) 现在分词:
  False: The story seemed.
  Right: The story seemed interesting.
5) 过去分词:
  False: The windows seemed.
  Right: The windows seemed broken.
6) 动名词:
  False: His job is teach English.
  Right: His job is teaching English.
7) 动词不定式:
  False: Her plan is become the winner in the game.
  Right: Her plan is to become the winner in the game.
  6)和7)的区别:
  6)中动名词表示某人经常干某事:她从星期一到星期五天天教英语;
  7)中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事:她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。
8) 表语从句:
  False:The question is.
  Right: The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow.
  Right: The question is what he is going to do next.
  Right: The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself


最终答案:略