英语翻译Faults of many types and causes may appear on electric p

英语翻译
Faults of many types and causes may appear on electric power systems.many of us in our homes have seen frayed lamp cords which permitted the two conductors of the cord to come in contact with each other.when this occurs ,there is a resulting flash ,and if breaker or fuse equipment functions properly,the circuit is opened.
overhead lines ,for the most part,are constructed of bare conductors .these are sometimes accidentally brought together by action of wind,sleet,trees,cranes,airplanes,or damage to supporting structures.Over voltages due to lightning or switching may cause flashover of supporting or from conductor to conductor.CONTAMINATION on insulators sometimes results in flashover even during normal voltage conditions.
the conductors of underground cables are separated from each other and from ground by solid insulation ,which may be oil-impregnated paper or a plastic such as polyethylene .these materials undergo some deterioration with age,particularly if overloads on the cables have resulted in their operation at elevated temperature.any small void present in the body of the insulating material will result in ionization of the gas contained therein,the products of which react unfavorably with the insulating properties,and short circuits will develop between the cabel conductors .the possibility of cable failure is increased if lightning or switching produces transient voltage of abnormally high values between the conductors.
transformer failures may be the result of insulation deterioration combined with over voltages due to lightning or switching transients.short circuits due to insulation failure between adjacent turns of the same winding may result from suddenly applied over voltages.major insulation may fail,permitting arcs to be established between primary and secondary windings or between a winding and grounded metal parts such as the core or tank.
generators may fail due to breakdown of the insulation between adjacent turns in the same slot,resulting in a short circuit in a single turn of the grounded.insulation breakdown may also occur between one of the windings and the grounded steel structure in which the coils are embedded.breakdown between different windings lying in the same slot results in short-circuiting extensive sections of machine.
　balanced three-phase faults,like balanced three-phase loads,may be handled on a lineto-neutral basis or on an equivalent single-phase basis.problems may be solved either in terms of volts,amperes,and ohms.the handing of faults on single-phase lines is of course identical to the method of the handling three-phase faults on an equivalent single-phase basis.

在电力系统中故障可能出现的类型和原因很多.我们许多人在家里已经看到灯泡电线被磨破,允许线的两根导线互相接触.发生这种情况时,会产生闪光,如果断路器或熔断器设备功能正常,电路会被断开.
在大多数情况下,架空线路,构建裸导体.这些有时意外所带来的风行动,雨夹雪,树木,起重机,飞机,或支撑结构的损坏.由于雷电或开关过电压可能会导致支持或导体之间的闪络.污染上绝缘子有时在闪,即使在正常电压条件下的结果.
彼此分开,从地面,地下电缆导体由固体绝缘,这可能是油浸渍纸或塑料,如聚乙烯,这些材料进行了一些恶化,随着年龄的增长,特别是如果对电缆过载,在他们的操作高温.!任何小作废目前在绝缘材料的身体将导致所载气体电离,反应不利的绝缘性能,短路的产品将发展的卡贝尔导体之间.电缆故障的可能性会增加,如果雷电或开关产生瞬态电压导体之间的异常高值.
变压器故障可能是结合由于雷电或开关瞬态过电压的绝缘劣化的结果.从突然施加过电压同一绕组相邻匝间绝缘故障可能导致短路.主要绝缘材料可能会失败,允许弧之间的初级和次级线圈之间的绕组和接地金属部件,如核心或坦克建立.
发电机可能会失败,因为在同一插槽相邻匝间绝缘击穿,造成短路接地的单圈.绕组和接地线圈嵌入钢结构之间也可能发生绝缘击穿.趴在同一插槽中机短路广泛的部分结果的不同绕组之间击穿.
平衡三相故障,如平衡三相负荷,可为lineTo中立的基础上,或等效单相基础上处理.问题可以解决,伏特,安培,欧姆.单相线故障的交接当然是等效单相基础上的三相故障的处理方法相同.