英语翻译1)Proper drainage is essential in road building,because

英语翻译
1)Proper drainage is essential in road building,because if the foundation became soggy,the heavy road would sick into it.And if the water were to freeze in the ground,it would expand and crack the road.To protect the highway from such damage,drainpipes called culverts are laid across the roadbed wherever a strong flow of water is expected.the roadbed itself is shaped so that the middle of the finished road would be higher than the sides.Then water and melting snow will easily drain off its surface into the drainpipes or ditches.The roadbed is given a final grading(smoothing) and is now ready to receive the road itself.
2)A bridge has always offered man the satisfaction of successfully conquering an obstruction,be it a primitive bridge of the ancients or a modern bridge of immense gracefuk in view,balanced in distribution of mass,harmonious in proportion,orderly in lines,integral with the environment.
3)In ancient times,bridges often crossed rivers at right angles,had humps in the middle,had no discrete footpaths,and were invariably built of stone and timber using the arch form of construction.The subsequent evolution of bridge engineering is the result of improvement of structural form as permitted by gradually improved understanding of structural analysis and design,coupled with improved construction materials and methods of fabrication and erection.
4)Scientific knowledge about materials and structural behavior has expanded tremendously,and computing techniques are now widely available to manipulate complex theories very quickly.Engineers have virtually revolutionized bridge design and construction methods in the past decade.these advances apply to short-,medium-,and long-span bridges.
5)Common elements of the substructure are abutments (usually at the bridge ends)and piers(between the abutments).Piers and abutments often rest on separately constructed foundations such as concrete spread footings or groups of bearing piles; these foundations such as concrete spread footings or groups of bearing piles; these foundations are part of the substructure.Occasionally a bridge substructure comprises a series of pile bents in which the piles extend above the waterline and are topped by a pile cap that,in return,supports the major structural elements of the superstructure.

1)Proper drainage is essential in road building,because if the foundation became soggy,the heavy road would sick into it.
专用的排水系统在路建中是一个重要因素,因为如果路基被水渗入,那么沉重的道路就会陷到里面去.
And if the water were to freeze in the ground,it would expand and crack the road.
而且如果土壤因水被冻结起来,那么道路就会膨胀裂开.
To protect the highway from such damage,drainpipes called culverts are laid across the roadbed wherever a strong flow of water is expected.
为了保护高速公路不受到上述的毁坏,在一些常有很大水流的地方排水管被要求要以涵洞的形式铺设在路基里.
the roadbed itself is shaped so that the middle of the finished road would be higher than the sides.
路基本身都是设计好的所以就出现了完工的道路上路中间比两侧高的情况.
Then water and melting snow will easily drain off its surface into the drainpipes or ditches.
那么当水和融化的雪就会很容易的从路面排走到排水管或者排水渠里.
The roadbed is given a final grading(smoothing) and is now ready to receive the road itself.
路基会有一个最后整形(修匀)然后就是准备好铺路了.
2)A bridge has always offered man the satisfaction of successfully conquering an obstruction,be it a primitive bridge of the ancients or a
modern bridge of immense gracefuk(graceful) in view,balanced in distribution of mass,harmonious in proportion,orderly in lines,integral with
the environment.
桥梁总是为人提供克服障碍的满意途径,我们所见到的极其美丽的无论是古老的或现代的桥梁,质量分配均匀,比例和谐,线条优美,与环境融为一体.
3)In ancient times,bridges often crossed rivers at right angles,had humps in the middle,had no discrete footpaths,and were invariably built
of stone and timber using the arch form of construction.
在古时,桥梁常常是适当的角落横跨河流,在其中间有桥拱.没有松散的小道,而且始终如一的由石头建成,用木材搭成拱形的结构.
The subsequent evolution of bridge engineering is the result of improvement of structural form as permitted by gradually improved understanding
of structural analysis and design,coupled with improved construction materials and methods of fabrication and erection.
后来的桥梁工程的演变就是结构形式被人们逐渐改进的结构分析的理解和设计伴随着建筑材料生产和建筑方法的改进的结果.
4)Scientific knowledge about materials and structural behavior has expanded tremendously,and computing techniques are now widely available to
manipulate complex theories very quickly.
材料和建筑方法的科学知识已经被极大的发展,并且科技非常快地广泛利应于制造混合材料的理论.
Engineers have virtually revolutionized bridge design and construction methods in the past decade.these advances apply to short-,medium-,and
long-span bridges.
在过去的十年里工程师们事实上对桥梁进设计和建筑方法都进行了革命.这些提高应用于短的,中等的以及长的跨距的桥梁.
5)Common elements of the substructure are abutments (usually at the bridge ends)and piers(between the abutments).
根基的一般要素是桥台(一般在桥梁的末端)和桥墩(在桥台之间).
Piers and abutments often rest on separately constructed foundations such as concrete spread footings or groups of bearing piles; these
foundations such as concrete spread footings or groups of bearing piles; these foundations are part of the substructure.
桥墩和桥台常常置放在不相连的那好的地基上,例如铺在底部的混凝土或成组的支撑桥桩这一类的;这些像铺在底部的混凝土或成组的支撑桥桩这一类的地基;这些地基都是桥基的
组成部分.
Occasionally a bridge substructure comprises a series of pile bents in which the piles extend above the waterline and are topped by a pile cap
that,in return,supports the major structural elements of the superstructure.
偶尔桥梁结构会包括在桥桩延伸到吃水线并被一堆桥桩帽置顶的一组桩排架,作为反馈,支撑着上部结构的结构的重要部分.
楼主,这些是我手翻,难免有跟原意有分歧的地方.一些专业业的名字我也不知道,比如pile cap 什么的,我不明白,你要是想完全吃透这个文章还是要结合你的专业方面的词汇.
我刚才有发现有一个字打错了"高速公路"我打成了"高速公司".我是用五笔的,可能还有其它地方打错字,我没细看.如果有问题,评论或追问我就好了.
306805441 ,你有意思吗?我吃饭的时间你就把我的抄一遍.没看到你爷我还没写完吗?错字也抄.