英语翻译世界科技百年 1900年,普朗克提出了量子论.后经爱因斯坦于1905年提出光量子概念、玻尔于1912年提出量子化

英语翻译
世界科技百年
1900年,普朗克提出了量子论.后经爱因斯坦于1905年提出光量子概念、玻尔于1912年提出量子化原子结构理论等的发展,最后于20年代未由狄拉克等人建立了量子力学.
1905年,爱因斯坦创立了狭义相对论；1916年,创立了广义相对论,深刻地提示了空间、时间、物质、运动之间的内在联系.
宇宙理论
广义相对论问世以后,人们开始按新的科学观念建立宇宙模型.
1917年,爱因斯坦道德提出有限无界的静态宇宙模型.
1922~1924年,弗里德曼提出均匀各向同性膨胀的动态宇宙模型.
1948年,伽莫夫提出宇宙大爆炸理论.此理论为1965年发现的宇宙背景辐射现象所证明.
地球科学
1912年,魏格纳提出了大陆漂移学说.
经过20年代至60年代地幔对流说和海底扩张说的发展,1968年,勒皮雄等人建立了地球板块构造模型.
生命科学与生物技术
1900年,由孟德尔最先总结得出的生物遗物基本规律终于得到公认.
1911年,摩尔根创立了基因学说.
1953年,沃森和克里克提出了遗传分子DNA双螺旋结构模型.标志着现代分子生物学的诞生.
1978年,试管婴儿问世.
1996年,“多利”克隆羊诞生.
核科学技术
1896年,贝克勒尔发现铀的天然放射性.
1938年,铀的裂变现象被发现.
1942年,在费米的领导下,美国建成世界上第一座可控的链式反应装置,宣告了人类利用核能时代的开始.
1945年、1952年美国相继研制成功原子弹和氢弹,人类开始掌握释放核能的技术.
1954年,前苏联建成世界上第一座核电站,开始了人类和平利用核能的进程.
信息科学技术
1947年,第一只晶体管诞生.
1958年,第一块集成电路问世.
1946年,第一台电子计算机投入运行.
1969年,美国通用电气公司首次提出微处理机方案.
1971年,第一台微型电子计算机问世.
航空航天技术
1903年,莱特兄弟制造了人类历史上第一架带发动机载人飞机.
1926年,哥达德成功地发射了世界上第一枚液体燃料火箭.它奠定了人类飞行的基础.
1957年,前苏联将第一颗人造地球卫星送入轨道.
1961年,前苏联载人飞船发射成功.
1969年,美国“阿波罗”飞船载人登月.
1971年,前苏联将“礼炮一号”空间站送上太空近地轨道.
1981年,美国首次发射多次往返地球的“哥伦比亚号”航天飞机.
1990年,哈勃天文望远镜和X-射线天文观测卫星进入预定轨道.
1997年,美国太空总署的一遥控探测车在火星表面登陆.

Science and technology in the world 100 years
Revolution in Physics
In 1900,Planck made a quantum theory.After Einstein in 1905 put forward the concept of light quantum,Bohr in 1912 made the quantum theory of atomic structure,such as the development of the final at the age of 20 are not from people such as the establishment of the Dirac quantum mechanics.
In 1905,Einstein created the special theory of relativity; in 1916,created the general theory of relativity,prompted a profound space,time,material,the intrinsic link between the campaign.
The theory of the universe
After the advent of general relativity,it was the beginning of the new scientific concept of the establishment of the model of the universe.
In 1917,Einstein proposed a limited moral community without the static model of the universe.
1922 to 1924,Friedman proposed uniform expansion of the isotropic dynamic model of the universe.
In 1948,Gamow put the Big Bang theory.This theory of the universe in 1965 found that the radiation background is the proof.
Earth Sciences
In 1912,Wigner proposed continental drift theory.
After age 20 to age 60 and mantle convection,said that the development of sea-floor spreading,in 1968,Le Puy-hung and others established a model of plate tectonics on Earth.
Life Science and Biotechnology
In 1900,Mendel from the first sum derived from biological remains the basic law has finally been recognized.
In 1911,Morgan founded the gene theory.
In 1953,Watson and Crick put forward the genetic molecule DNA double helix model.Marks the birth of modern molecular biology.
In 1978,the advent of test-tube baby.
In 1996,"Dolly" cloned sheep was born.
Nuclear Science and Technology
In 1896,Becquerel discovered radioactivity of natural uranium.
In 1938,the phenomenon of fission of uranium was found.
In 1942,Fermi,under the leadership of the United States built the world's first controlled chain reaction of a device,a declaration of human uses of nuclear energy era.
In 1945,the United States in 1952 have been successfully developed atomic and hydrogen bombs,human beings have begun to release nuclear energy technology.
In 1954,the former Soviet Union built a world's first nuclear power plant,began the human process of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
Information Science and Technology
In 1947,the first transistor was born.
In 1958,an integrated circuit available.
In 1946,the first computer into operation.
In 1969,the General Electric Company for the first time the program microprocessor.
In 1971,the first micro-computer available.
Aerospace Technology
In 1903,the Wright brothers created the first human history,with a manned aircraft engines.
In 1926,Goddard successfully launched one of the world's first liquid fuel rocket.It laid the foundation of human flight.
In 1957,will be the former Soviet Union's first satellite into orbit.
In 1961,the former Soviet Union successfully launched a manned spacecraft.
In 1969,the United States,"Apollo" manned spacecraft landing on the moon.
In 1971,the former Soviet Union,"I salute the" near-Earth space station into space orbit.
In 1981,the United States for the first time fired several times to and from Earth,"Columbia" space shuttle.
In 1990,the Hubble Space Telescope and X-ray astronomical observation satellite into orbit.
In 1997,the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration a remote-controlled rover on Mars landing on the surface.