英语翻译2 中国民族服饰语言的特性 以研究人类原始思维著称于世的法国文化人类学家列维•布留尔认为原始人的逻辑

英语翻译
2 中国民族服饰语言的特性
以研究人类原始思维著称于世的法国文化人类学家列维•布留尔认为原始人的逻辑思维“它首先是和主要是服从‘互渗律’”.所谓‘互渗律’,布留尔认为是指：“在原始人的思维的集体表象中,客体存在物、现象能够以我们不可思议的方式同时是它们自身,又是其他什么东西.它们以差不多同时发展和接受那些在它们以外被感觉的、继续留在它们里面的神秘力量、能力、性质、作用”.
在“互渗律”的泛比附、泛作用意识的影响下,经过不同环境里的生灭流变,使其自然而然地会超出原型因素自在的、固有的意义,延伸出种种神秘的意义来.尤其是那些代表民族并负有保护意义的符号、图腾事物,在人们的意识中其神秘意义必然会延伸得更远,使它离开自然原型的本体,而成为人们的精神创造物.
整个中华民族的服饰文化,蕴藏着很深的历史积淀与极为神秘的历史传说,因此研究民族服饰不但要从造型、色彩、工艺入手,还要了解其文化内涵,了解众多形象的内在意义.正是这些内在的精神和外在的形式一起构成了各民族服饰的风格.苗族的服装和刺绣最能代表该民族的特征.在苗族的服饰刺绣图案里,不仅有记述人类起源神化内容的“蝴蝶妈妈”图案和苗族祖先从母系发展至父系时代的“姜央射日月”等图案,更有追述苗族先民悲壮迁徙史的“黄河”、“长江”、“平原”、“城池”、“洞庭湖”、“骏马飞渡”等主题图案,没有哪一个民族像苗族这样将图案作为史书,深切地表述历史.这些特征构成风格的基本元素,是整体中的部分,可以分解、提炼.
类似如此的象征符号,在民族及民间艺术和服饰中被广泛采用,最常见的有古钱、龟、元宝、龙、凤等吉祥图案,大都超越了原型事物的直观具象和本来意义,而分别成为人们企图实现某种神圣愿望的工具,是人们精神在世界的形象表达.因此,它们的单个或组合形象,便作为一种负载人生理想的象征.正如美学家莱辛所说：“艺术家在用象征符号来装饰一个形体时,他就把它从一个单纯的形体提高到一种较高尚的人物”.我们可以这样认为,在象征符号形象即使是非人的形象中,其深处蕴涵的是人性而不是物性的精神.
服饰中的民族元素可以分为硬件元素和软件元素.硬件元素是视觉形象化的,如满族服饰中的高底旗鞋、“巴鲁图”坎肩；蒙古族服饰中的宽袍阔带、镶花软皮靴；苗族服饰中的重叠百褶大裙；西藏风格中的藏面具、色彩瑰丽的围裙等等；软件元素是指服饰中内涵的精神,是无形的元素,是在特定文化环境中人类社会发展所积淀下来的观念.几千年的古代中国文明有着其独特的精神传统,各民族虽然有其自己的伦理观念、宗教信仰,但儒学所提倡的规范、中庸态度及严谨、秩序的追求,道家所提倡的返朴归真,“天人合一”的自然观对中国民族服饰的平面结构形式、装饰风格的影响,都可视为无形的内在精神传统.了解硬件元素和软件元素之间的关系,以利于中国民族服饰元素的提炼、加工,而不是简单的重复旧的民族服饰,最终创造新的风格.

2 Chinese nationality clothing language characteristic Studies the human primitive thought world-famous France cultureanthropologist to arrange in order the Uygur cloth to keep you tothink 原始人 the logical thinking "it first is and mainly is obeys' mutually infiltrates the law '".So-called ' mutually infiltratesthe law ',the cloth keeps you to think is refers:"In 原始人 thethought collective representation,the object 存在物,thephenomenon can by our inconceivable way simultaneously be theironeself,also is other any things.They by almost simultaneouslydevelop and accept these to feel outside them,continue to remaininside them the mystical strength,the ability,the nature,thefunction ".In "mutually infiltrates the law" exudes 比附,exudes the functionconsciousness under the influence,passes through in the differentenvironment to live extinguishes changes,causes it naturally to beable to surpass the prototype factor to be comfortable,the inherentsignificance,extends all sorts of mystical significances.Inparticular these and have the protection significance on behalf of thenationality the mark,the totem thing,its mystical significanceinevitably can extend in people's consciousness far,enable it toleave the natural prototype main body,but becomes people's spirit创造物.The entire Chinese nation's clothing culture,contains the very deephistory to accumulate with the extremely mystical historical fable,therefore the research nationality clothing not only must from themodelling,the color,the craft obtain,but also must understand itscultural connotation,the understanding multitudinous image intrinsicsignificance.Was precisely these intrinsic spirits and the externalform constituted various national clothing style together.Miaonationality's clothing and the embroidery most can represent thisnational the characteristic.In Miao nationality's clothing embroiderydesign,not only has records the origin of man deification content"butterfly mother" the design and the Miao nationality ancestor auntis "Jiang Yang shoots the livelihood" the development to the paternalline time and so on the design,has recounted the Miao nationalityancients solemnly and stirringly move the history "Yellow River","Yangtze River","the plain","the city","Dongting Lake","the steedfly cross" and so on the subject design,which nationality doesn'thave to take like this like the Miao nationality the design thehistory book,sincerely indicates the history.These characteristicconstitution styles fundamental elements,are in the whole parts,maydecompose,the refinement.The similar like this symbolic mark,is widely used in the nationalityand the folk art and the clothing,most common has the ancient coin,the turtle,the silver piece,the dragon,the phoenix and so on thepropitious design,mostly had surmounted the prototype thingdirect-viewing embodiment and the original significance,butseparately becomes the people to attempt to realize some kind ofsacred desire tool,is the people spirit in the world imageexpression.Therefore,they individually or the combination image,then take one kind of load life ideal symbol.Just like 美学家Lessing said that,"The artist when uses the symbolic mark decorates aphysique,he on it from a pure physique enhances to one kind of noblercharacter".We may believe like this,in symbolic mark image even if是非人 in the image,its deep place contains is the human naturebut is not the natural spirit.In the clothing national element may divide into the hardware elementand the software element.The hardware element is the visualvisualization,like in Manchu nationality clothing Gao Deqi shoes,"Pakistan Lu chart" sleeveless jacket; In the Mongolian nationalityclothing wide gown extravagant belt,inlays the flowered soft leatherboots; In the Miao nationality clothing overlaps hundred pleats bigskirts; Tibet in style Tibet mask,color magnificent apron and so on;The software element is refers to in the clothing the connotationspirit,is the invisible element,is idea which the human societydevelops in the specific cultural environment accumulates down.Several millenniums ancient times China civilizations have its uniquespiritual tradition,various nationalities although have its ownethics idea,the religious belief,but the Confucianism advocated thestandard,the doctrine of the mean manner and are rigorous,the orderpursue,returns plain returns to original condition,"the beauty whichTaoism advocated gathers one" natural view to Chinese nationalityclothing planar structure form,decoration style influence,allvisible for invisible intrinsic spiritual tradition.Understoodbetween the hardware element and the software element relations,favorthe Chinese nationality clothing element the refinement,theprocessing,but is not the national clothing which simple restores oldways again,finally creates the new style.