谁能帮我总结几个初中英语用法 急用

谁能帮我总结几个初中英语用法 急用
1关于宾语从句 2关于定语从句 3if条件状语从句 4被动语态 急用

宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后.
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句.例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句.
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 . 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.）
1、时间状语从句
（1）as、when、while
类别 作 用 例 句
as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生. She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生. It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”.主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词.在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)
（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
①till, not … until …, until, before, since
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.
It will be five years before he returns from England.
②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once
表示“一……就”
As soon as I hxdye finished it , I’ll give yu a call.
Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it
began to rain.
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.
③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就
He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
④each time, every time, by the time
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.
注意：表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时.
2、让步状语从句
（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用.
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质.
I’ll get there even if(though)I hxdye to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等.
Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
Whoever breaks the law will be published.
No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句.要用倒装.
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy.
Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the hexdyy box.
3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that
（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后.
You want to know why I’m lexdying? I’m lexdying because I’m full.
for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词.如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for.如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因.）
（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分.since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反.
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”