神马作文网请大家帮忙把这段英文译成中文?（急!）
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/10/02 16:26:54
请大家帮忙把这段英文译成中文?（急!）
Class C:or "white corruption":Class C practices constitute a kind of 'common practice' of social life.They include the nepotism and favouritism in the personnel recruitment and promotion,bending the law in favour of relatives and friends in law enforcement,preferential treatment in resource-allocations for relatives and friends,etc.They are characterised by preferential treatment by officials of relatives,friends,fellow-villager etc.much of which is,in fact,a way of reciprocating previously given favours.Such practices have penetrated widely into public life,influencing the behaviour of government officials and ordinary citizens as well,contributing to the operation and existence of networks of personal ties throughout China.Creating and maintaining the networks of personal ties to seek and give favourable treatment is accepted by most people,including government officials,as a 'normal' practice when they involved in these practice.However,such networks are condemned by those excluded from them although they will not be hesitate to engage in such practice should they have an opportunity to do so.The late British China scholar Gordon White had also made a similar classification.3
Inasmuch as the Chinese authorities combine all the above categories together in their anti-corruption work,in this paper I will treat them all as corruption.However by so doing,the Chinese authorities have set a difficult goal for themselves since the limited consensus on white corruption may increase the difficulty of attacking these practices.On the other hand,the labelling of some common practice fallen into the grey area from the white area and some common ("white") as "corruption" may help to delegitimize them and/or push them into the "grey" category,thus contributing to anti-corruption and social and political progress.
The extent of corruption has increased dramatically and sharply since 1978 with the situation becoming even worse after in the 1990s.This tendency is apparent from the data on perception of corruption in developing countries provided by Transparency International and summarised in table 1.
Class C:or "white corruption":Class C practices constitute a kind of 'common practice' of social life.They include the nepotism and favouritism in the personnel recruitment and promotion,bending the law in favour of relatives and friends in law enforcement,preferential treatment in resource-allocations for relatives and friends,etc.They are characterised by preferential treatment by officials of relatives,friends,fellow-villager etc.much of which is,in fact,a way of reciprocating previously given favours.Such practices have penetrated widely into public life,influencing the behaviour of government officials and ordinary citizens as well,contributing to the operation and existence of networks of personal ties throughout China.Creating and maintaining the networks of personal ties to seek and give favourable treatment is accepted by most people,including government officials,as a 'normal' practice when they involved in these practice.However,such networks are condemned by those excluded from them although they will not be hesitate to engage in such practice should they have an opportunity to do so.The late British China scholar Gordon White had also made a similar classification.3
Inasmuch as the Chinese authorities combine all the above categories together in their anti-corruption work,in this paper I will treat them all as corruption.However by so doing,the Chinese authorities have set a difficult goal for themselves since the limited consensus on white corruption may increase the difficulty of attacking these practices.On the other hand,the labelling of some common practice fallen into the grey area from the white area and some common ("white") as "corruption" may help to delegitimize them and/or push them into the "grey" category,thus contributing to anti-corruption and social and political progress.
The extent of corruption has increased dramatically and sharply since 1978 with the situation becoming even worse after in the 1990s.This tendency is apparent from the data on perception of corruption in developing countries provided by Transparency International and summarised in table 1.
利用机器翻译的,不是很好.
类C ：或“白色腐败” ：类C实践构成一‘普遍做法’社会生活.他们在人员补充和促进在执法在资源分派包括裙带关系和特别喜爱,弯曲法律倾向于亲戚朋友,优惠待遇亲戚朋友等等.他们描绘为优惠待遇由亲戚、朋友,家伙村民等的官员.其中是,实际上,交换早先特定厚待方式.这样实践广泛击穿了入公共生活,影响政府官员和平凡市民行为,贡献对私人关系网络的操作和存在遍及中国.当他们在这些介入了实践,创造和维护私人关系网络寻找和给有利治疗由多数人接受,包括政府官员,作为‘正常’实践.
由于中国当局在他们的反腐败工作一起结合所有上述类别,在本文我将对待他们全部作为腐败.然而通过如此做,中国当局制定了他们自己的一个困难的目标,因为有限的公众舆论在白色腐败也许增加攻击这些实践困难.另一方面,标记一些普遍做法分成灰色区域从白色区域和某一共同性(“白色”)作为“腐败”也许帮助delegitimize他们并且/或者推挤他们入“灰色”类别,因而贡献对反腐败和社会和政治进展.
腐败的程度巨大和尖锐增加了自1978年以来以情况变坏以后在90年代.这个倾向从关于腐败的悟性的数据是明显的在表提供由透明度国际和总结的发展中国家1.
类C ：或“白色腐败” ：类C实践构成一‘普遍做法’社会生活.他们在人员补充和促进在执法在资源分派包括裙带关系和特别喜爱,弯曲法律倾向于亲戚朋友,优惠待遇亲戚朋友等等.他们描绘为优惠待遇由亲戚、朋友,家伙村民等的官员.其中是,实际上,交换早先特定厚待方式.这样实践广泛击穿了入公共生活,影响政府官员和平凡市民行为,贡献对私人关系网络的操作和存在遍及中国.当他们在这些介入了实践,创造和维护私人关系网络寻找和给有利治疗由多数人接受,包括政府官员,作为‘正常’实践.
由于中国当局在他们的反腐败工作一起结合所有上述类别,在本文我将对待他们全部作为腐败.然而通过如此做,中国当局制定了他们自己的一个困难的目标,因为有限的公众舆论在白色腐败也许增加攻击这些实践困难.另一方面,标记一些普遍做法分成灰色区域从白色区域和某一共同性(“白色”)作为“腐败”也许帮助delegitimize他们并且/或者推挤他们入“灰色”类别,因而贡献对反腐败和社会和政治进展.
腐败的程度巨大和尖锐增加了自1978年以来以情况变坏以后在90年代.这个倾向从关于腐败的悟性的数据是明显的在表提供由透明度国际和总结的发展中国家1.