英语翻译身体语言在人际沟通中有着口头语言无法替代的作用.心理学研究发现：在两个人之间的面对面的沟通过程中,50％以上的信

英语翻译
身体语言在人际沟通中有着口头语言无法替代的作用.心理学研究发现：在两个人之间的面对面的沟通过程中,50％以上的信息交流是通过无声的身体语言来实现的.身势语是国际性的,不同国家的人在语言不通的情况下借助身势语能够进行交际.曾有人研究发现,人们每天平均讲话只占与人交往的时间的 10％,与人交往的时间都是在有意无意地进行着身体语言的沟通.有些时候,身体语言就足以表达所有的信息,语言反倒是多余的,只要人们彼此在对方的感觉范围内,应存在身体语言途径的沟通,所谓的身势语,就是指那些包括空间距离、目光注视、身体接触、姿态动作、面部表情等在内的非语言的身体信号.由于不同民族文化已经根深蒂固,不容易接受与自己的习惯相反的信号,所以我们不能忽视文化约束力对身势语的影响以及和环境差异所赋予身势语的不同含义.
一、空间距离
当人们进行交际的时候,交际双方在空间所处位置的距离具有重要的意义,它不仅告诉我们交际双方的关系、心理状态,而且也反映出民族和文化特点.心理学家发现,任何一个人需要在自己的周围有一个自己能够把握的自我空间,这个空间的大小会因不同的文化背景、环境、行业、不同个性等而不同.不同的民族在谈话时,对双方保持多大距离有不同的看法.根据霍尔博士(美国人类学家)研究,欧美人生活中有四种距离表示不同情况：
(1) 亲密接触 (intimate distance 0-45 cm) 交谈双方关系密切,身体的距离从直接接触到相距约 45 厘米之间,这种距离适于双方关系最为密切的场合,比如说夫妻及情人之间.
(2) 私人距离 (personal distance 45-120 cm) 朋友、熟人或亲戚之间往来一般以这个距离为宜.
(3) 礼貌距离 (social distance 120-360 cm) 用于处理非个人事物的场合中,如进行一般社交活动,或在办公,办理事情时.
(4) 一般距离 (public distance 360-750 cm) 适用于非正式的聚会,如在公共场所听演出等.
从这四种分法可以看出,人类在不同的活动范围中因关系的亲密程度而有着或保持不同的距离.不同民族与文化构成人们之间不同的空间区域,多数讲英语的人在交谈时不喜欢离得太近,总要保持一定的距离.西班牙人和阿拉伯人交谈会凑得很近,而对俄罗斯人来说意大利人交谈是过于靠近,拉美人交谈时几乎贴身.更有趣的是英国人与意大利人交谈时,意大利人不停的“进攻”,英国人不断的“撤退”.实际上他们交谈时都只不过是要占据对自己适当的,习惯的实际距离.西方文化注重个个隐私,东方人“私”的概念薄弱.在电梯,巴士或火车上,素不相识人的拥挤在一起,东方人可以容忍身体与身体接触的那种挤,西方人无法容忍.在对个人空间的要求方面,中国人、日本人以至大多数亚洲人要比西方人小的多.这是因为不同的文化习俗的缘故,西方人看中宽松的氛围,崇尚个人自由和个人权利,而东方人的传统文化根深蒂固.
空间的观念是立体的,不仅包括领域的大小距离,包含领域的高度.“拉开距离”具有保持身份的威严的功能,而保持空间领域的高度又是支配权利的一种方式.法庭、教堂、礼堂、会议厅的布置都十分注重利用空间距离来发挥这一功能,以表现优越感与从属关系.在中国,长辈和领导面朝南坐,在西方则坐在椭圆桌子头的位置,等等,不一而足.这些都说明不同文化背景的人对空间的运用和安排都有着各自的模式,从而构成无数文化差异,让空间的使用具有了更为丰富的文化功能.

There is function that oral languages can't be substituted in the interpersonal communication in the body language. Psychology finding: In the course of linking up face-to-facly between two people, more than 50% of the information interchange was realized through the silent body language. The body tendency language is international, the people of different countries can be carried on communication through the body tendency language in a situation that the language is obstructed . Zeng someone discovers , people talk and only account for 10% of the time to associate with people equally every day, the time to associate with people is all the communication of carrying on the body language consciously or unconsciously. It is the getting more enough to last all information in health the languages whether to there is be on the time,language though surplus one, so long as people are within the range of feeling of the other side each other, there should be communication of the body language way, what is called body tendency language, it is not health signals of the language but it is including space distance , sight are watched attentively , body contacting , posture movements , facial expression ,etc. to mean those. Because different national culture has been already deep-rooted , it is not apt to accept the signal contrary to one's own habit , so we can't ignore the impact on body tendency language of the culture engagement and and the environmental difference give the different meaning of languages of a tendency of body.
First, distance of space
When people carried on communication, the distance on the space present position of both sides of communication had important meanings, it not only tells the relations of both sides of our communication, psychological condition but also reflect nationality and culture characteristic. Psychologist find anyone is it have one self- space that oneself can grasp around a one's own one to need, the size of this space will be different because of different culture background , environment , trade , different individual characters ,etc.. Different nationalities keep what a big distance to both sides to have different views while talking. Studying according to Dr. Hall (American anthropologist ), there are four kinds of distances that express different situations in occidentals' life:
(1)It is in close relations to contact (intimate distance 0-45 cm ) and talk both sides intimately, the distance of the health is from keeping in touch stand apart between about 45 centimetres directly to, this kind is before suitable for both sides' occasion in most close relationsing, for example between couple and lover.
(2)Private from (personal distance 45-120 cm ) friend, acquaintance or relative the exchanges are generally suitable for this distance.
(3)Courteous before using for dealing with the occasions of the non- personal things, such as carrying on the general social activity, or is handling official business, while handling the thing.
(4)Generally before suitable for the unofficial partying , for instance listen to the performance to wait in the public place .
Can find out from these four kinds of France , the mankind has or keeps different distances because of intimate degree of the relation in different scopes of activities. Different nationality form different space area under people with culture, most English speaker like from too close while talking, always keep certain distance. The Spaniard and Arabic talk very near, it is overly neared and Italians talk for Russians, nearly next to the skin while drawing beauties and talking. What is interesting is that when Englishmen and Italian talk , " attacking " which Italians do not stop , Englishmen's constant " withdrawing". In fact they will only occupy to one's own proper one while talking, real distance that is used to. Paying attention to every personal secrets in western culture, Oriental's " private concept " is weak . In the lift , on the bus or the train, the people not acquainted with each other are crowded and together, that kind that Orientals can tolerate the body and keep in touch with the body is crowded, westerners are unable to tolerate . In to to want respect of asking personal space, Chinese, Japanese even most Asian a less than westerners one large. This is because of different cultural custom, westerners settle on the loose atmosphere, advocate individual freedom and individual rights, and Orientals' traditional culture is deep-rooted .
The idea of the space is three-dimensional , not merely include all kinds of distances of the field, include the height of the field. " spacing out " has majestic function which keeps the identity, and the height which keep the space field is a way to control the right. The arrangement of the court , church , auditorium , conference hall all pay great attention to making use of space distance to give play to this function, in order to display the sense of superiority and dependence. In China, the elder and leader face the south and sit, sit in the position of the oval desk head in the west, wait a moment, numerous. All these prove that person from different cultures all have one's own modes to application and arrangement in the space, thus form countless cultural differences , let the use of the space have more abundant cultural functions.