damage,destroy,harm,hurt,pain ,injure,wound 区别

damage,destroy,harm,hurt,pain ,injure,wound 区别

1)destroy毁灭,消灭,指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复,有时可用于比喻意义.如：
The earthquake destroyed the whole city．地震毁了整座城市.
All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal.他所有的希望都被她的拒绝信毁了.
2)damage伤害,损害,主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可修复.damage或destroy所表示的破坏,是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏.有时该词也用于借喻.
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result Of the disease．由于生病,她的心脏轻微受损.
They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged．他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋.
What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系.
3) ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度.表示“使……破产；糟蹋掉”的意思.
The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的.
I was ruined by that law case;I'm a ruined man.我被那场官司毁了,我破产了.
He ruined himself by taking drugs.他吸食毒品把自己给毁了.
4)harm伤害,损害,主要用于有生命的东西,偶尔也用于无生命的事物,常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等.构成短语do harm to,表示的范围更广.
Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重损害了他的健康.
They had their hearing harmed by the loud noise of machines.他们的听力被机器的巨大噪音所损害.
5)hurt指精神上,感情上或肉体上的“创伤,伤害”.作不及物动词意思是“疼”.其过去分词不能作定语.
His words hurt me／my feelings．他的话伤了我／我的感情.
He fell and hurt his leg.他掉下来伤了腿.
My shoes are so tight that my feet hurt． 鞋太紧,我的脚疼.
6)injury指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害,有危及功能发展之意.作名词可指平时的大小创伤或伤害.
Several children were injured in the accident.好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤.
He got serious injuries to the legs at work.他干活时腿受了重伤.
注意：the injured指因事故造成的“受伤者”.
7)wound一般指刀伤,枪伤,战场上受伤,也可指对感情的伤害.后跟的宾语是整个人而不是受伤部位.另外,wound还可作可数名词.还可指伤口.
He got wounded in the battle． 他在战斗中受伤.
A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound.护士把伤口清洗包扎好.
He received a serious wound in the battle.
注意：the wounded表示“伤员”,wounded前也可用具体数字修饰.如：
There were twenty wounded in the field hospital.