如何正确分辨出状语从句,宾语从句和陈述语序?
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:神马作文网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/11/10 16:52:37
我对这些东西都不太明白,请讲的详细一些。谢谢。
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
一、什么是状语从句?
用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。
二、状语从句的分类。
(1)时间状语从句用法要点
凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等,具体用法如下:
1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。
when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。eg.
He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。
I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。
注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。eg.
I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help.
我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。
We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.
我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。
2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如:
We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室。
He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。
after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:
After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。
He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。
注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
3. since引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。eg.
We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句 译为:自从……有多长时间了。eg.
It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。
4. until 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式,not…until… 意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如:
I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如:
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg.
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。
注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。eg.
I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动。
7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not … till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。eg.
I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。
We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.
我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。
(2)条件状语从句用法要点
我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。
If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。
(3)地点状语从句用法要点
常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)eg.
Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。
(4)原因状语从句用法要点
常用的引导连词有because,as和since,三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.
Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。
He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.
他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。
As it was raining hard,we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。
Since you feel ill,you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。
(5)目的状语从句用法要点
常用的引导连词有so that,that和in order that译为:以便,为了,目的是。eg.
Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记。
I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。
I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。
注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语。eg.
We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。
三、主句与从句时态一致的问题。
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况:
1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如:
Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。
The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。
2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如:
She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。
宾语从句(一)
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。
宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.
他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。
She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。
宾语从句(二)
由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。如:
We don't know whether (if) it is right.
我们不知道它是否正确。
试比较:
当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如:
I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。
当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:
I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.
我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:
一、引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如:
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
四、否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
最终答案:略
解题过程:
一、什么是状语从句?
用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。
二、状语从句的分类。
(1)时间状语从句用法要点
凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等,具体用法如下:
1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。
when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。eg.
He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。
I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。
注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。eg.
I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help.
我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。
We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.
我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。
2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如:
We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室。
He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。
after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:
After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。
He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。
注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
3. since引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。eg.
We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句 译为:自从……有多长时间了。eg.
It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。
4. until 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式,not…until… 意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如:
I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如:
I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg.
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。
注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。eg.
I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动。
7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not … till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。eg.
I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。
We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.
我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。
(2)条件状语从句用法要点
我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。
If I get there early,I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。
(3)地点状语从句用法要点
常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)eg.
Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。
(4)原因状语从句用法要点
常用的引导连词有because,as和since,三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.
Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。
He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.
他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。
As it was raining hard,we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。
Since you feel ill,you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。
(5)目的状语从句用法要点
常用的引导连词有so that,that和in order that译为:以便,为了,目的是。eg.
Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记。
I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。
I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。
注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语。eg.
We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。
三、主句与从句时态一致的问题。
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况:
1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如:
Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。
The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。
2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如:
She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。
宾语从句(一)
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。
宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.
他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。
She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。
宾语从句(二)
由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。如:
We don't know whether (if) it is right.
我们不知道它是否正确。
试比较:
当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如:
I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。
当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:
I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.
我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:
一、引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如:
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
四、否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
最终答案:略