英语翻译Strength of materials is a branch of engineering that de

英语翻译
Strength of materials is a branch of engineering that deals with the behavior of materials in response to applied forces.Strength-of-materials data are widely used in designing machinery,buildings,bridge,dams,and other structures.The parts of a bridge,for example,must be strong enough to withstand the various kinds of forces placed on the bridge by traffic,wind,and other agents.These applied forces are resisted by internal forces,called streddes,in the beams,columns,cables,and other parts of the bridge,and in the bolted,riveted,or welded joints between parts.As a result,the structural parts are deformed in various ways,including stretching,compressing,shearing,twisting,and bending.Such deformations,or changes of shape,are known as strains.If the stresses and strains in some parts are too great,the parts would break or give way,possibly leading to the collapse of the bridge.Hence bridge designers rely on strength-of-materials data to specify suitable materials for the various parts of the bridg.High-tensile-strength steel,for example,would be specified for cables,a fatigue-resistant steel for beams and plates subject to repeated flexing,and high-compressive-strength concrete for piers and abutments.

材料强度是土木工程的一个分支,他处理的是材料在受外力作用时的行为.材料的应力数据被广泛的应用于机械、建筑、桥梁、水坝、和其他结构的设计中.例如,桥梁的各个部分强度必须足够大来支撑施加在桥梁上的各种外荷载,如：车辆、风荷载等.这些外力由在梁、柱、缆绳以及桥梁的其他部分的内部力所平衡,并且用螺栓、铆接或焊接相互连接在一起.结果,结构的各个部分以各种形式发生变形,包括拉伸、压缩、剪切、扭曲、弯曲.这种变形或者说形状改变被称为过度拉伸.如果压缩和拉伸在某些部分太大,这些部分将会破坏或者屈服,并可能导致桥梁倒塌.因此桥梁设计者基于材料强度数据为桥梁的不同部分选择合适的材料.例如,高强度钢将被选作缆索,抗疲劳钢选作梁,抗弯曲钢选作板,高强抗压混凝土用作桥墩和基础.
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