神马作文网英语中 主 谓 宾 定 状 的用法
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/11 10:48:54
英语中 主 谓 宾 定 状 的用法
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当.
He likes watch'ing TV. 他喜欢看电视.
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.
一般可分为两类：
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成.
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.
We stud'y for the peo'ple. 我们为人民学习.
2),复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
I can speak a lit'tle Eng'lish. 我可以说一点英语.
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当.
My sis'ter is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士.
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等.
We like Eng'lish. 我们喜欢英语.
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.
He gave me som'e ink. 他给了我一点墨水.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如：
We make him our mon'itor. 我们选他当班长.
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语.
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等.形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面.
He is a new stu'dent. 他是个新生.
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后.
The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的.
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等.状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.
He lives in Lon'don. 他住在伦敦.
和
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1660246.html
-------------------------------------------------
比如说
i love you.
i 就是主格,表示“我”这个人,及动作或是行为的发出,实施者.
you 即是宾格,表示“你”,是动作或是行为的接受者,表被动状态.
明白了吗
人称代词里的：主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.
打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客.主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面.
英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如：
I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等.
顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物.
在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆.下面是常见的问题：
⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误：
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如：
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
这种错误是可避免的.第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如：
(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he".
⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此：
(8)a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受.但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下：
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同.试比较(a)和(b)：
(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B：
(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别.遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来.换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子.
不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可：
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中.
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.
////////////一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中.
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后.
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当.
He likes watch'ing TV. 他喜欢看电视.
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.
一般可分为两类：
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成.
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.
We stud'y for the peo'ple. 我们为人民学习.
2),复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
I can speak a lit'tle Eng'lish. 我可以说一点英语.
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当.
My sis'ter is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士.
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等.
We like Eng'lish. 我们喜欢英语.
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.
He gave me som'e ink. 他给了我一点墨水.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如：
We make him our mon'itor. 我们选他当班长.
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语.
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等.形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面.
He is a new stu'dent. 他是个新生.
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后.
The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的.
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等.状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.
He lives in Lon'don. 他住在伦敦.
和
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1660246.html
-------------------------------------------------
比如说
i love you.
i 就是主格,表示“我”这个人,及动作或是行为的发出,实施者.
you 即是宾格,表示“你”,是动作或是行为的接受者,表被动状态.
明白了吗
人称代词里的：主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.
打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客.主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面.
英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如：
I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等.
顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物.
在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆.下面是常见的问题：
⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误：
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如：
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
这种错误是可避免的.第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如：
(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he".
⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此：
(8)a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受.但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下：
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同.试比较(a)和(b)：
(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B：
(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别.遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来.换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子.
不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可：
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中.
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.
////////////一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中.
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后.
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.