英语翻译A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes,as r

英语翻译
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes,as rule,to have it retold in identically the same words,but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book,and,if a parent can produce what,in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child,is an improvement on the printed text,so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses.To prove the latter,one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not.Aggressive,destructive,sadistic impulses every child has and,on the whole,their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action.As to fears,there are,I think,well?authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories.Often,however,this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true,that giants,witches,two?headed dragons,magic carpets,etc.,do not exist; and that,instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales,the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics.I find such people,I must confess,so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them.If their case were sound,the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child had ever believed that it was.

通常,非常爱听故事的孩子们喜欢让家长们一字不变再次读给他们听,但是事实上不应该让父母像读圣经一样读这些印在书上的神话故事.最好的方式是父母能够讲故事给孩子听,而不是读书本上的.而如果父母能够讲出真实生活中发生的故事,那对于孩子本人也是一个提高,不会只停留在书本上.而这种提高越多,越好.
有人警告说,神话故事通常会使孩子们恐惧,激起他们的悲伤感,而这些都会伤害到他们.为了证明后者,一个人做了一个控制性的实验,证明读神话故事的孩子们比不读的更易对残酷的事情感到难过.有时候我在想,恐惧对于孩子们好吗.有一些孩子被神话故事吓得特别严重.但是,通常,这主要是因为孩子只听了一遍这个故事.重复的讲这个故事,熟悉故事后,孩子们会将面对恐惧的痛苦转化为对恐惧的快乐,并能驾驭恐惧.
也有一些人反对神话故事是因为他们并不是客观存在的,像巨人,巫师,大头恐龙,神奇的地毯等等,都是不存在的.不要沉迷于神话故事,所以孩子们应当学历史,懂得现实.我发现有些人,我必须说这很少见.我不知道怎样与他们辩论.如果他们的方法成功的话,那世界应该都是疯子,妄图骑着一根扫帚从纽约飞到费城,或者是在电话里亲吻,就觉得那就是他们最爱的女朋友.
没有任何神话故事能够描述真实世界,任何聪明的孩子都不相信神话故事的内容真正存在.