英语翻译INTRODUCTION:Black root rot is a complex disease of stra

英语翻译
INTRODUCTION:Black root rot is a complex disease of strawberry that can reduce
plant vigor and productivity (Wing et al,1994).Several pathogens,including Rhizoctonia
and Pythium,are causal agents of this disease and may be introduced into transplant and
field production systems on infested plant material (Abad et al.2002; Martin,2000).In
addition,Phytophthora spp.cause crown rot,root rot,and plant death.In previous
strawberry trials,we have routinely isolated several pathogens from root lesions both
prior to planting and after field setting.Among the most frequently isolated pathogens
were:Phytophthora cactorum,Pythium irregulare,Rhizoctonia fragariae,and Fusarium
spp.(Ferguson et al.2003).Pre-plant isolations from both bare-root plants and plugs
produced from runner tips showed substantial levels of colonization with damaging
soilborne pathogens.Although the use of “disease-free" plants,now made available by
the NC certification program,should reduce foliar and fruit diseases,the impact of this
program on the root rot complex will be minimal.Currently,management of strawberry
root rots relies nearly exclusively on chemicals,particularly fumigation with methyl
bromide.In trials conducted in the Southeastern states,up to 25% yield losses can occur
if soil fumigation is not used compared to methyl bromide fumigation (Ferguson et al.
2001,2002).Although we have made substantial progress in developing chemical and
compost-based alternatives to MB (Ferguson et al.2003; Fernandez et al 2000; Louws et
al.2000),infested transplants still present a serious risk to growers even if an alternative
fumigant is adopted.Management practices that favor biocontrol activity and reduce the
risk of root rot development during the growing season are needed.
The goal of this component of our research program is to develop and implement an IPM
system for managing strawberry root rots with emphasis on biological approaches.
Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity against soil borne
pathogens.We have evaluated the effectiveness of two Trichoderma biocontrol strains in
suppressing root rot and promoting plant growth and productivity on strawberry.

前言：根黑腐病是草莓的一种复杂疾病,它能降低草莓的活力和产量(Wing 等, 1994).丝核属（Rhizoctonia）和 腐霉属（Pythium）,等几种病原菌就是其病源.它可通过带病植物材料传染移植苗床和大田生产系统(Abad 等 2002; Martin, 2000).此外,疫霉菌属（Phytophthora spp）也能导致草莓发生冠腐病、根腐病,甚至植株死亡.前期草莓试验中,我们利用常规方法从定植前后的受害根组织分离出了几种病原菌.其中最常见的有：恶疫霉（Phytophthora cactorum）, 拉曼被孢霉（Pythium irregulare）, 丝核菌（Rhizoctonia fragariae）,及镰刀霉（Fusariumspp.）(Ferguson 等. 2003).定植前从裸根和匍匐茎茎尖分离病菌能反映其受土壤传播性病原菌侵害的实际情况.目前,无病植株（disease-free）已由NC（北卡罗来纳州）认证项目投入使用,它能减少叶片和果实疾病的发生,但对复杂的根腐病的效果却十分有限.当前,几乎全靠使用化学药剂防治草莓根腐病,特别是利用甲基溴（Methyl Bromide）进行熏蒸.在东南部几个州进行的实验表明, 同甲基溴熏蒸相比,如不采取土壤熏蒸可导致减产高达25%(Ferguson等, 2001, 2002).我们在开发取代甲基溴（MB）的化学药剂或复合药剂方面获得了重大进展(Ferguson 等, 2003；Fernandez 等,2000；Louws等, 2000).尽管如此,采用替代性熏蒸剂仍不能使“莓农”免遭移植苗受感染的严重威胁.因此,有必要利用生物防治技术以减少草莓生长季节发生根腐病的风险.本研究的目的就是开发并实施一种强调利用生物学途径的有害生物综合治理方案（IPM）来防治草莓根腐病.众所周知,木霉菌（Trichoderma sp.）对土壤传播性病原菌有显著的生物防治作用.（本在研究中）, 我们对两种木霉生物防治菌株在抑制根腐病、促进植株生长以及提高草莓产量方面的效果进行了评价.
为便于楼主查阅,另附上中英文对照版本.
INTRODUCTION:
前言：
Black root rot is a complex disease of strawberry that can reduce plant vigor and productivity (Wing et al, 1994).
根黑腐病是草莓的一种复杂疾病,它能降低草莓的活力和产量(Wing 等, 1994).
Several pathogens, including Rhizoctonia and Pythium, are causal agents of this disease and may be introduced into transplant and field production systems on infested plant material (Abad et al. 2002; Martin, 2000)
丝核属（Rhizoctonia）和 腐霉属（Pythium）,等几种病原菌就是其病源.它可通过带病植物材料传染移植苗床和大田生产系统(Abad 等 2002; Martin, 2000).
In addition, Phytophthora spp. cause crown rot, root rot, and plant death.
此外,疫霉菌属（Phytophthora spp）也能导致草莓发生冠腐病、根腐病,甚至植株死亡.

In previous strawberry trials, we have routinely isolated several pathogens from root lesions both prior to planting and after field setting. Among the most frequently isolated pathogens were: Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia fragariae, and Fusarium spp.(Ferguson 等, 2003).
前期草莓试验中,我们利用常规方法从定植前后的受害根组织分离出了几种病原菌.其中最常见的有：恶疫霉（Phytophthora cactorum）, 拉曼被孢霉（Pythium irregulare）, 丝核菌（Rhizoctonia fragariae）,及镰刀霉（Fusariumspp.）(Ferguson 等. 2003).
Pre-plant isolations from both bare-root plants and plugs produced from runner tips showed substantial levels of colonization with damaging soilborne pathogens.
定植前从裸根和匍匐茎茎尖分离病菌能反映其受土壤传播性病原菌侵害的实际情况.
Although the use of “disease-free" plants, now made available by the NC certification program, should reduce foliar and fruit diseases, the impact of this program on the root rot complex will be minimal.
目前,无病植株（disease-free）已由NC（北卡罗来纳州）认证项目投入使用,它能减少叶片和果实疾病的发生,但对复杂的根腐病的效果却十分有限.
Currently, management of strawberry root rots relies nearly exclusively on chemicals, particularly fumigation with methyl bromide.
当前,几乎全靠使用化学药剂防治草莓根腐病,特别是利用甲基溴（Methyl Bromide）进行熏蒸.
In trials conducted in the Southeastern states, up to 25% yield losses can occur if soil fumigation is not used compared to methyl bromide fumigation (Ferguson et al. 2001, 2002).
在东南部几个州进行的实验表明, 同甲基溴熏蒸相比,如不采取土壤熏蒸可导致减产高达25%(Ferguson等, 2001, 2002).
Although we have made substantial progress in developing chemical and compost-based alternatives to MB (Ferguson et al. 2003; Fernandez et al 2000; Louws et al. 2000),infested transplants still present a serious risk to growers even if an alternative fumigant is adopted.
我们在开发取代甲基溴（MB）的化学药剂或复合药剂方面获得了重大进展(Ferguson 等, 2003；Fernandez 等,2000；Louws等,2000).尽管如此,采用替代性熏蒸剂仍不能使“莓农”免遭移植苗受感染的严重威胁.
Management practices that favor biocontrol activity and reduce the risk of root rot development during the growing season are needed.
因此,有必要利用生物防治技术以减少草莓生长季节发生根腐病的风险.

The goal of this component of our research program is to develop and implement an IPM system for managing strawberry root rots with emphasis on biological approaches.
本研究的目的就是开发并实施一种强调利用生物学途径的有害生物综合治理方案（IPM）来防治草莓根腐病.
Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity against soil borne pathogens.
众所周知,木霉菌（Trichoderma sp.）对土壤传播性病原菌有显著的生物防治作用.
We have evaluated the effectiveness of two Trichoderma biocontrol strains in suppressing root rot and promoting plant growth and productivity on strawberry
在本研究中）, 我们对两种木霉生物防治菌株在抑制根腐病、促进植株生长以及提高草莓产量方面的效果进行了评价