英语翻译Trivial Names.When the corresponding monobasic acid has

英语翻译
Trivial Names.When the corresponding monobasic acid has a trivial name,the name of the aldehyde may be formed from the trivial name of the acid by changing the ending~-ic acid" or "-oic acid " to "-aldehyde ",for example,' formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,propionaldehyde,acrylaldehyde(or acrolein),benzaldehyde,cinnamaldehyde,furfural.
Ketones.The generic name "ketone" is given to compounds containing an oxygen atom doubly bound to a single carbon atom with the carbonyl group =C=O joined to two carbon atoms1.Ketones are named by means of the suffix "-one",the prefix "oxo-",the functional class name "ketone",or,in special cases,the suffix "-quinone".In substitutive nomenclature the name of an acyclic ketone is formed by adding the suffix"-one"or"-dione",etc.to the name of the hydrocarbon corresponding to the principal chain,with elision of terminal "e" (if present) before "one",e.g.,2-butanone,2,4-pentanedione.
Radicofunctional names of ketones,R^OR2,are formed,by citing the names of the radicals Rl and R2 followed by the word "ketone",for example,ethyl methyl ketone,diethyl ketone.
Carboxylic acids.Carboxyl groups COOH replacing CH3 at the end of the main chain of an acyclic hydrocarbon are denoted by adding "-oic acid" or "-dioic acid" to the name of this hydrocarbon,with elision of terminal "e"(if present) before "oic".Alternatively,the name may be formed by substitutive use of the suffix "-carboxylic acid".In the aliphatic series the numbering of the chain dose not then include the carbon atom of the carboxyl group,e.g.,heptanoic acid,heptanedioic acid,cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.
The name of a univalent or bivalent acyl radical formed by removal of hydroxyl from all the carboxyl groups is derived from the name of the corresponding acid by changing the ending -oic to –oyl.
Systematic and trivial names for some acids and their acyl radicals are given in Table 14
Neutral salts of carboxylicamic,imidic,carboximidic,hydroxamic,carbohydroxamic,etc.,acids are named by citing the cation (s) and then the anion or,when,the carboxyl groups of the acid are not all named as affixes,by use of a periphrase,such as "(metal) salt of (the acid)"2,e.g.,sodium heptanoate,potassium acetate.
Neutral esters of carboxylic acids,etc.,are named in the same way as their neutral salts except that (a) the name of the alkyl or aryl,etc.,radical replaces the name of the cation and (b) a periphrase such as "(alkyl or aryl) ester" replaces " (metai)salt",e.g.,ethyl acetate,diethyl malonate,ethyl chloroformate.
Symmetrical anhydrides of monocarboxylic acids,when unsubstituted,are named by replacing the word "acid" by "anhydride",e.g.,acetic anhydride,phthalic anhydride,
Acyl halides,that is,compounds in which the hydroxyl group of a carboxyl group is replaced by halogen,are named by placing the name of the corresponding halide after that of the acyl radical,e.g.,acetyl chloride,benzoyl iodide.
不要在线翻译 能帮的帮一下 需一定化学基础 谢过！

琐碎的名字.当相应的一代的酸具有一种微不足道的名字,这名字的醛可由从简单的名字的时候,酸通过改变结束~-ic酸”或“-oic酸”到“-aldehyde”,例如,“甲醛、乙醛、分别,即丙烯醛),(或苯甲醛、肉桂醛、糠醛.酮.植物的...
再问： 求大虾 懂化学的大虾 谢过 切勿有道 谷歌。。。
再答： 含氧化合物