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The Israel High-Tech Industry -Fifty Years of Excellence
by Nisso Cohen
Israels high-tech industry is experiencing an unprecedented rate of growth which began in the early 1990s. Its growth is evidenced both in total sales - 1997 sales totaled $7.2 billion, a growth of 10.7% over 1996 - and in exports - $5.6 billion in 1997, a growth of 14.2% over 1996. This is in a country with a total population of less than six million; GDP (1996) of $92.3 billion; and exports (goods and services, 1996) of $31.3 billion.
Moreover, advanced technologies developed in Israel are in great demand, and many Israeli-developed applications can now be found in the products of multi-national companies in the communications, computers, information systems, medicine, optics, consumer goods and software sectors.
Origins
The Israel high-tech industry was born with the State of Israel. In 1948, the newly-created Israel Defense Forces established a branch called the Science Corps. The corps developed new arms, explosives, and a variety of electric and electronic appliances for the IDF. Israels military industry developed at a rapid pace, meeting the countrys needs for armaments and technologies which it could not obtain from abroad. During the same period, Israel developed what were to become the best institutions of education and scientific research in the Middle East. They include the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and universities in Haifa, Beer Sheba, Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan. In the early sixties, Israel entered the nuclear era with the establishment of two nuclear research plants.
The first Israeli computer was developed and assembled in the early fifties at the Weizmann Institute. Golem ("dummy") was an all-tube computer, similar to the first computers developed in the US in the forties. In the late fifties and early sixties, there were already several mainframe computers in Israel, purchased from IBM and Philco. Those computers were used primarily by government ministries and institutions, universities and a number of banks. In the late sixties and early seventies, mainframe and mini computers penetrated the financial and business sectors. During the eighties, many Israelis acquired personal computers.
请手动翻译,加分,谢谢帮助.
The High-Tech Industry
One factor in the exceptional growth rate in this industry in recent years is Israels percentage of engineers, the worlds highest, with 135 engineers per 10,000 persons, as compared to 85 per 10,000 persons in the United States. Another factor has been the many thousands of skilled engineers and technicians who have immigrated from the former Soviet Union since 1989.
Moreover, advanced technologies that were originally developed and utilized for military purposes are now being used for developing commercial products for civilian use. With the downsizing of Israels defense industry - as a "peace dividend" - thousands of skilled personnel have left the defense industry since 1988. Many of them were absorbed into the civilian marketplace, while others formed start-up companies which later became successful high-tech firms.
谢谢wangpeng_haier和Riversource，请帮忙翻译完整，一共三部分，提问＋补充＋回答中的痴心小竹0010的所有英文都要翻译，多谢。
The Israel High-Tech Industry -Fifty Years of Excellence
by Nisso Cohen
Israels high-tech industry is experiencing an unprecedented rate of growth which began in the early 1990s. Its growth is evidenced both in total sales - 1997 sales totaled $7.2 billion, a growth of 10.7% over 1996 - and in exports - $5.6 billion in 1997, a growth of 14.2% over 1996. This is in a country with a total population of less than six million; GDP (1996) of $92.3 billion; and exports (goods and services, 1996) of $31.3 billion.
Moreover, advanced technologies developed in Israel are in great demand, and many Israeli-developed applications can now be found in the products of multi-national companies in the communications, computers, information systems, medicine, optics, consumer goods and software sectors.
Origins
The Israel high-tech industry was born with the State of Israel. In 1948, the newly-created Israel Defense Forces established a branch called the Science Corps. The corps developed new arms, explosives, and a variety of electric and electronic appliances for the IDF. Israels military industry developed at a rapid pace, meeting the countrys needs for armaments and technologies which it could not obtain from abroad. During the same period, Israel developed what were to become the best institutions of education and scientific research in the Middle East. They include the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and universities in Haifa, Beer Sheba, Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan. In the early sixties, Israel entered the nuclear era with the establishment of two nuclear research plants.
The first Israeli computer was developed and assembled in the early fifties at the Weizmann Institute. Golem ("dummy") was an all-tube computer, similar to the first computers developed in the US in the forties. In the late fifties and early sixties, there were already several mainframe computers in Israel, purchased from IBM and Philco. Those computers were used primarily by government ministries and institutions, universities and a number of banks. In the late sixties and early seventies, mainframe and mini computers penetrated the financial and business sectors. During the eighties, many Israelis acquired personal computers.
请手动翻译,加分,谢谢帮助.
The High-Tech Industry
One factor in the exceptional growth rate in this industry in recent years is Israels percentage of engineers, the worlds highest, with 135 engineers per 10,000 persons, as compared to 85 per 10,000 persons in the United States. Another factor has been the many thousands of skilled engineers and technicians who have immigrated from the former Soviet Union since 1989.
Moreover, advanced technologies that were originally developed and utilized for military purposes are now being used for developing commercial products for civilian use. With the downsizing of Israels defense industry - as a "peace dividend" - thousands of skilled personnel have left the defense industry since 1988. Many of them were absorbed into the civilian marketplace, while others formed start-up companies which later became successful high-tech firms.
谢谢wangpeng_haier和Riversource，请帮忙翻译完整，一共三部分，提问＋补充＋回答中的痴心小竹0010的所有英文都要翻译，多谢。
先给你一部分的翻译吧：
以色列高科技产业——50年的卓越
尼森科恩
自20世纪90年代初,以色列高科技产业以前所未有的速度发展,其总销售额和出口总值足以证明：1997年的销售总额为72亿美元,在1996年基础上增长10.7%；出口总值为56亿美元,比1996年上涨14.2%.这是一个人口不足6百万的小国,而GDP (1996)达到923亿美元,出口总值（包括货物和服务,1996）达313亿美元.
而且,以色列开发的先进技术供不应求,诸多跨国公司的通信、电脑、信息系统、医药、光学、销售、和软件等部门所使用的产品中都有使用以色列开发的应用程序.
起源
以色列的高科技产业伴随以色列国的诞生而产生.早在1948年,新创建的以色列国防军就成立了一个名为科学兵团的分支.该兵团为以色列国防军开发新的武器、炸药、以及各种电器及电子设备.以色列军工行业发展迅速,满足了不能从外国获得的军备和技术的需要.同时,以色列建立了将成为中东最好的教育机构和科学研究：包括海法的以色列技术学院,雷霍博特的魏茨曼科学院,耶路撒冷的希伯莱大学和其他在海法,比尔希巴,特拉维夫和拉马特甘的大学.在六十年代初期,以色列因两个核研究站的建立而步入了核时代.
第一台以色列计算机于五十年代初在魏茨曼研究所开发和组装.Golem（“虚拟” ）是一台全晶体管计算机,类似于美国二十世纪四十年代开发的第一台计算机.五十年代末六十年代初,以色列已经有几台购买自IBM和Philco的大型计算机.这些计算机主要归政府各部门机构,大学和多家银行使用.六十年代末七十年代初,金融和商业部门也有了大型和微型计算机计算机可用.八十年代,许多以色列人都配置了个人电脑.
以色列高科技产业——50年的卓越
尼森科恩
自20世纪90年代初,以色列高科技产业以前所未有的速度发展,其总销售额和出口总值足以证明：1997年的销售总额为72亿美元,在1996年基础上增长10.7%；出口总值为56亿美元,比1996年上涨14.2%.这是一个人口不足6百万的小国,而GDP (1996)达到923亿美元,出口总值（包括货物和服务,1996）达313亿美元.
而且,以色列开发的先进技术供不应求,诸多跨国公司的通信、电脑、信息系统、医药、光学、销售、和软件等部门所使用的产品中都有使用以色列开发的应用程序.
起源
以色列的高科技产业伴随以色列国的诞生而产生.早在1948年,新创建的以色列国防军就成立了一个名为科学兵团的分支.该兵团为以色列国防军开发新的武器、炸药、以及各种电器及电子设备.以色列军工行业发展迅速,满足了不能从外国获得的军备和技术的需要.同时,以色列建立了将成为中东最好的教育机构和科学研究：包括海法的以色列技术学院,雷霍博特的魏茨曼科学院,耶路撒冷的希伯莱大学和其他在海法,比尔希巴,特拉维夫和拉马特甘的大学.在六十年代初期,以色列因两个核研究站的建立而步入了核时代.
第一台以色列计算机于五十年代初在魏茨曼研究所开发和组装.Golem（“虚拟” ）是一台全晶体管计算机,类似于美国二十世纪四十年代开发的第一台计算机.五十年代末六十年代初,以色列已经有几台购买自IBM和Philco的大型计算机.这些计算机主要归政府各部门机构,大学和多家银行使用.六十年代末七十年代初,金融和商业部门也有了大型和微型计算机计算机可用.八十年代,许多以色列人都配置了个人电脑.