英语翻译Substitutes for a Land EthicWhen the Logic of history hu

英语翻译
Substitutes for a Land Ethic
When the Logic of history hungers for bread and we hand
out a stone,we are at pains to explain how much the stone resembles bread.I
now describe some of the stones which serve in place of a land
ethic.
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly
on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no
economic value.Wildflowers and songbirds are examples.Of the
22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin,it is doubtful whether
more than 5 per cent can be sold,fed,eaten,or otherwise put to economic use.
Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community,and if (as I
believe) its stability depends on its integrity they are entitled to
continuance.
When one of these non-economic categories is threatened
and if we happen to love it,we invent excuses to give it economic importance.
At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be
disappearing.Bird experts jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect
that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these roundabouts
today.We have no land ethic yet,but we have at least drawn nearer
the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of biotic right,
regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
Some
species of trees have been "read out of the party" by
economics-minded foresters because they grow
too slowly,or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more
advanced,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community,to be preserved as
such,within reason.Moreover some
(like beech) have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility.The interdependence of the
forest and its constituent tree species,ground Flora,and fauna is taken forgranted.

Substitutes for a Land Ethic
土地伦理的替代品
When the Logic of history hungers for bread and we hand out a stone,we are at pains to explain how much the stone resembles bread.I now describe some of the stones which serve in place of a land ethic.
当历史的逻辑渴望面包而我们却拿出一块石头之时,我们无论怎么解释石头多么像面包也是白费力气.我现在来说说一些被用作土地伦理的石头.
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Wildflowers and songbirds are examples.Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin,it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold,fed,eaten,or otherwise put to economic use.
在完全基于经济动机的保护系统中,一个基本的弱点/缺陷是,陆地群落的大部分成员没有经济价值.野花和鸣禽就是例子.原产于美国威斯康星州的22000种高等植物和动物中,能否有超过5%的可用来出售、喂养、食用或者有其它经济用途,是很令人怀疑的.
Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community,and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity they are entitled to continuance.
然而,这些生物都是生物群落的成员,如果（我相信）其稳定性取决于其完整性,则它们有权继续生存.
When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it,we invent excuses to give it economic importance.
若这些无经济价值的生物类别中的一种受到威胁,而我们恰巧又喜欢它,我们就会编造借口来给予它经济方面的重要性.
At the beginning of the century,songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.Bird experts jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
在本世纪初,鸣禽原本应该消失.鸟类专家立刻跳出来挽救,拿出一些明显站不住脚的证据来证明,如果鸟儿未能控制昆虫,它们(昆虫)就会把我们吃光.证据要有效就必须具备经济价值/意义.
It is painful to read these roundabouts today.We have no land ethic yet,but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of biotic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
今天读到这些兜圈子的话是令人痛心的.我们还没有土地道德,但我们至少近乎承认,作为生物的权利,鸟类应该继续生存,无论对我们有无经济上的好处/益处.
Some species of trees have been "read out of the party" by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly,or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.Moreover some (like beech) have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility.The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species,ground Flora,and fauna is taken for granted.
有些树种被有经济头脑的林业工作者“宣布驱逐出群组”,因为它们长得太慢,或者用做木材时售价太低.在欧洲,林业生态更加先进,没有商业价值的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员,这样就被理智地保存下来.此外,还发现有些（如山毛榉）有增加土壤肥力功能的价值.森林及其组成树种,如地表植物,以及动物群,之间的相互依存被认为是理所当然的.