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The family has been in American_.

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The family has been in American_.
a.for a last year b.since last year
为何选 a
I _ for mushrooms but I haven't found any.
a.have been looking b.have looked
为何选 a,b 错在哪
It was so dark outside that he_.
a.didn't dare to go out to fetch water
b.dare not to fetch water
为何选 a
The family has been in American_.
从语法角度来讲这几个选项都没有错,只是语义不同,要根据上下文意思来理解.
1.for a last year 意思是已经在美国一整年了,强调这一整年都在,last 表示一个持续的概念.since last year 意思是自从去年就在美国了,强调从去年开始的,last 表示过去的概念.
2.have been looking 意思是从过去到现在一直在找,动作没有停止过.have looked 意思是过去找过,但后来停止了,没有再找了.
3.didn't dare to go out to fetch water 这里的dare是用做实意动词,强调敢不敢.dare not to fetch water 这里的dare是用做助动词,没有突出dare的意味.