介词on,by ,in,with的用法区别

介词on,by ,in,with的用法区别

y
prep.
1. 被,由
The homework was assigned by the teacher.
这些家庭作业是老师布置的.
2. 靠,用,通过
They crossed the river by ferry.
他们乘渡船过了河.
3. 经由;沿
Ellen flew to Chicago by way of Minneapolis.
艾伦经由明尼阿波利斯飞往芝加哥.
4. 在...旁边,靠近;在...手边
I haven't got any money by me.
我身边没有带钱.
5. 不迟于;在...之前
We had to get there by evening.
我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里.
6. 根据,按照
How do you know he didn't act by the rules?
你怎么知道他没有按规定行事?
7. (表程度)相差
He missed the bus by three minutes.
他晚了三分钟没赶上那班公车.
8. 凭,对...(发誓)
I swear by God!
我对上帝发誓!
9. (乘除法上)以...,用...(乘或除)
Nine divided by three makes three.
九除以三得三.
10. 以...计,按
You'll be paid by the hour.
你的工资将按时计酬.
11. 在...的时候
He had to sleep by day and work by night.
他只好白天睡觉,晚上工作.
12. 就...来说,关于
Philip is a doctor by profession.
菲利浦的职业是医生.
13. (表连续或反复)逐个;逐批
The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence.
教师逐句讲解了这篇课文.
14. 由于
She took my umbrella by mistake.
她误拿了我的伞.
with
prep.
1. 与...一起,偕同,和...
She lives with her son.
她和儿子住在一起.
2. 带着...;有...的
The girl with long hair is my classmate.
长头发的女孩是我同学.
3. 以(手段、材料),用(工具)
My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks.
我的一位美国朋友在学着用筷子吃饭.
4. 符合,一致
5. 在...一边,赞成
We are with you there.
在那一点上我们站在你这一边.
6. 跟...,反对
The Allied Forces fought with Germany.
盟军跟德国交战.
7. 顺...方向,跟...一起
8. 加上,包括...在内
His bank savings, with his wife's jewels, amount to three million dollars.
他的银行存款加上他太太的首饰合计达三百万元.
9. 随着,对应
An independent man, Peter never goes with the tide.
彼得是个有主见的人,从不随大流.
10. 在...身边,在...身上
He had a gun with him.
他带了枪.
I have no money with me.
我身边没有钱.
11. 与...(相比)
12. 跟...(分手)
I parted with my brother in Paris.
我跟我兄弟在巴黎分手.
13. 尽管有
With all the setbacks, he did not lose heart.
尽管遭受种种挫折,他没有丧失信心.
14. 由于,因为
They were wild with joy.
他们欣喜若狂.
15. (与副词连用构成祈使句,表示强烈的愿望)
Down with fascism!
打倒法西斯主义!
in
prep.
1. 在...里,在...上
The two brothers study in the same class.
两兄弟在同一个班里上课.
The telephone is in the little study on the ground floor.
电话在一楼的小书房内.
2. 在...之内;在...方面
He is lacking in courage.
他缺乏勇气.
3. 从事于;参加着
She is in business.
她做生意.
4. 穿着,戴着
He is dressed in black.
他穿黑衣服.
5. 朝,向
She hurried away in the opposite direction.
她朝相反的方向匆匆离去.
6. (表示手段、方法、材料)用,以
They paid in cash.
他们用现金支付.
7. 在...期间;在...以后
He'll come back in a week.
他将于一周之后回来.
I haven't met her in a long time.
我好长时间没有遇见她了.
8. 处在...中
The room was in disorder.
房间里乱七八糟.
9. (表示数量、程度、比例)按,以;在...中
One child in twenty has this disease.
二十个小孩中有一个患有这种疾病.
10. 在...身上,在...上
In him I see a future leader.
我在他身上看到了一个未来的领袖人物.
11. (表示过程)在...当儿;在...过程中
The work is in progress.
这工作正在进行中.
12. (表示动作的方向和结果)进入到...中;成,为
He pushed a button and set the machine in motion.
他按下按钮开动了机器.
on
prep.
1. 在...上
He laid a hand on my shoulder.
他把一只手放在我肩上.
2. 以...支持,挂在...上;以...为轴
There is a picture on the wall.
墙上有一幅画.
3. 朝,向
4. 靠近,在...旁,沿着
She stood on my left.
她站在我左边.
5. 在...的时候,在...后立即
He jumped with joy on hearing the news.
他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来.
6. 关于,有关
The teacher made comments on our compositions.
老师就我们的作文作了讲评.
7. 以...方式,通过
Did you hear it on the radio?
你是从收音机听到这消息的吗?
8. 凭...,靠...;使用...,吃...
They said they were acting on instructions.
他们说他们是奉命行事.
9. 处于...状态,进行中
10. 属于...,参加...,是...的成员
He is on the school volleyball team.
他是校排球队队员.
11. 加之于,重叠于
12. 由...支付
Have another coffee on me.
再来一杯咖啡,我请客.
13. 带在...身上