何为英语中的“虚拟语气”?

何为英语中的“虚拟语气”?

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现.英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形couldmightIf had the time,John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you,I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1.should+动词原形2.动词过去式3、were to+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf you should lose,what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow,I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time,you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词couldmightIf I’d dnown that it was going to rain,I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me,I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend,he...)(=If there were no water,…)(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice,he would be quite all right now.If I were you,I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,+that…(should )+动词原形devide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可.He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气.He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气.He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary,a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下：imperative,advisable,动词完成式It is (was) + important,natural,necessary,+that…(should) +essential,strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer.(=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)I wish I had never stopped teaching.(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish they’d let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气.wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气.试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if,as though,would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如：He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didn’t tell him.5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如：It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.It’s high time (that) we took some action.