神马作文网急需英语不定代词的用法!
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/11 01:22:26
急需英语不定代词的用法!
不定代词用法归纳
一、不定代词概说
英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等).在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语.
二、指两者和三者的不定代词
有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混：
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生.
All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣.
There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树.
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有.
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有.
【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every.如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road.
三、复合不定代词的用法特点
复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等.它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语.something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some).具体使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面：
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病.
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?
2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性).但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：
Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着.
3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they：
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?
4. anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语.若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写)：
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
四、是any not 还是 not any
按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前：
误：Any one doesn’t know how to do it.
正：No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它.
误：Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.
正：Nobody [No one] can do it. 这事谁也干不了.
误：Anything cannot prevent me from going.
正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去.
五、不定代词与部分否定
不定代词all, both, every 等与 not 连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定,则需换用 none, neither, no one等.比较：
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说.
Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说.
All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说.
None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说.
六、all, both, each 等用作同位语
若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词：
We have all read it. 我们都读过他.(all 修饰的主语是代词)
The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了.(all 修饰的主语是名词)
They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等.(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说：They told the men all to wait there. (all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)
七、so little 与 such little的区别
用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little；若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little：
He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜.
I’ve never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子.
八、some 与 any的用法区别
一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中.但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?
Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?
Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?
【说明】any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”：
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行.
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以.
九、many 与 much的用法区别
两者都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对；而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对.在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中：
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间.
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之.但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中；另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰,也可用于肯定句中：
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早.
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了.
You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了.
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少.
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题.
十、few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别
1. few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式.few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义：
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂.
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂.
2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似：
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱.
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱.
一、不定代词概说
英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等).在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语.
二、指两者和三者的不定代词
有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混：
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生.
All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣.
There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树.
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有.
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有.
【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every.如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road.
三、复合不定代词的用法特点
复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等.它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语.something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some).具体使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面：
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病.
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?
2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性).但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：
Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着.
3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they：
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?
4. anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语.若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写)：
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
四、是any not 还是 not any
按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前：
误：Any one doesn’t know how to do it.
正：No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它.
误：Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.
正：Nobody [No one] can do it. 这事谁也干不了.
误：Anything cannot prevent me from going.
正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去.
五、不定代词与部分否定
不定代词all, both, every 等与 not 连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定,则需换用 none, neither, no one等.比较：
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说.
Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说.
All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说.
None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说.
六、all, both, each 等用作同位语
若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词：
We have all read it. 我们都读过他.(all 修饰的主语是代词)
The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了.(all 修饰的主语是名词)
They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等.(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说：They told the men all to wait there. (all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)
七、so little 与 such little的区别
用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little；若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little：
He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜.
I’ve never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子.
八、some 与 any的用法区别
一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中.但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?
Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?
Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?
【说明】any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”：
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行.
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以.
九、many 与 much的用法区别
两者都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对；而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对.在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中：
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间.
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之.但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中；另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰,也可用于肯定句中：
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早.
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了.
You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了.
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少.
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题.
十、few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别
1. few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式.few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义：
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂.
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂.
2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似：
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱.
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱.