神马作文网九年级人教版英语6单元语法
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/18 19:08:48
主要是定语从句的语法
解题思路： 如下
解题过程：
对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。who 在定语从句中起主语的作用，who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： You must do everything that I do.这里先行词是 everything， 而 that I do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。
●由关系代词引导的定语从句
1. that在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物或指人。如： This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。 The girl that has long hair is my sister. 留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。
2. which在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物。如：
The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. 天津产的自行车销售很好。 The fish which we bought were not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。
【中考链接】
①This is the dictionary Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
② —What are you looking for? —I am looking for the book I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
③ Many young people prefer the songs have great lyrics.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom ④ Even some teachers can’t understand some expressions their students use in daily life.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
⑤ —The book is a story book. That book has a red cover. （合并句子） —That book that/which has a red cover is a story book.
3. who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。如：
The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 打碎窗子的男孩叫汤姆。
The person to whom he is talking is my father. 正在和他说话的那个人是我父亲。
【中考链接】
① Do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
② —Do you know the girl is standing under the tree? —She is my little sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
③ The man came to our party with a present is my old friend.
A. when B. which C. who
④ I like writers write short stories.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
⑤ —There are many volunteers are helping children in Sichuan. —And most of them are college students.
A. which B. when C. whose D. who
4. whose 引导定语从句，先行词可以是“人”也可是“物”，whose在从句中作定语。例如：
Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
史密斯老师便是上周房子着火的那名教师。
Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
哈利是个男孩，他的妈妈是我们的数学老师。
5. 如果关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置
1）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。例如： The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. 刚刚与你谈话的人是李先生。 Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write. 里德老师是那名你应该给其写信的教授。 2）含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。例如： Is this the watch which he is looking for? 这是他正在寻找的那块表吗？ The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 护士们正在照料的那名老人现在身体已经非常好了。 3）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。
●由关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。 比较： I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. I’ll never forget the time which we spent together
2. where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词做地点状语。如：
This is the house where he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房子。
比较：
This is the factory wherehe worked.
This is the factory which we visited.
●判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.
（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where，when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
●只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句
1. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美的山。
2. 先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities. 我读的第一篇英文小说是《双城记》。
3. 当all, any, no, little, much, many等修饰先行词时。如：
Here are all the books that I have. 这就是我所有的书。
4. 当先行词为等不定代词，如all, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, something时。如：
Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen. 最后小偷交出了他所偷的每件东西。
5. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。如：
This is the only book that I like. 这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
6. 先行词为同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时。如：
I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。
7. 主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. 桌子上的那本书是弗兰克的。 定语从句“纠错台”
错例1
Mr Zhang is just the person that help me out whenever I’m in truouble.
定语从句中主谓要一致。在定语从句中，关系代词that作主语，要根据先行词的人称和数确定从句中谓语动词的单复数。此处应将help改为helps，因先行词the person是单数形式。
错例2
There are lots of books that everybody want to read.
在定语从句中，主语是everybody，其谓语动词与从句的主语应保持数的一致。此处应将want改为wants。
错例3
Mary likes the music that she can sing along with it.
在定语从句中不要出现多余的宾语。定语从句的宾语是关系代词that，因此it多余，应删去。
错例4
They all think Cathy is a girl who is easy to get along.
不要丢掉定语从句中短语动词的介词。当先行词是从句的逻辑宾语，从句色谓语动词是短语动词时，不可丢掉相应的介词。此处应在along后加上介词with。
错例5
The girl has some flowers in her hand is a famous singer.
定语从句中作主语的关系代词不能省略。关系代词who或that在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略，否则，句子结构不完整。此处应在has前加上who。
错例6
① Kunming is a place where is always warm.
② I often think of the days that we studied together at university.
正确使用关系代词和关系副词。句①中应where改为which / that ，定语从句中没有主语，where是副词，不能作主语，所以用关系代词which / that，指代前面的先行词a place。句②中that应改为when，定语从句需要一个时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该定语从句。
【亲身体验】
改错：
1. Do you like the song that make you feel blue?
2. Is this the topic that you talked about it yesterday?
3. That’s the CD I have been looking forward.
4. The boy is sitting behind Nancy comes from Canada.
5. The piece of music reminded me of those good days when I spent in my childhood.
参考答案：
1. make 改为makes 2. 去掉it 3. 在forward 后加介词to 4. 在is前加 who
5. when 改为which / that
最终答案：略
解题过程：
对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。who 在定语从句中起主语的作用，who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： You must do everything that I do.这里先行词是 everything， 而 that I do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。
●由关系代词引导的定语从句
1. that在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物或指人。如： This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。 The girl that has long hair is my sister. 留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。
2. which在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物。如：
The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. 天津产的自行车销售很好。 The fish which we bought were not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。
【中考链接】
①This is the dictionary Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
② —What are you looking for? —I am looking for the book I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
③ Many young people prefer the songs have great lyrics.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom ④ Even some teachers can’t understand some expressions their students use in daily life.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
⑤ —The book is a story book. That book has a red cover. （合并句子） —That book that/which has a red cover is a story book.
3. who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。如：
The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 打碎窗子的男孩叫汤姆。
The person to whom he is talking is my father. 正在和他说话的那个人是我父亲。
【中考链接】
① Do you know the scientist gave us a talk just now?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
② —Do you know the girl is standing under the tree? —She is my little sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
③ The man came to our party with a present is my old friend.
A. when B. which C. who
④ I like writers write short stories.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
⑤ —There are many volunteers are helping children in Sichuan. —And most of them are college students.
A. which B. when C. whose D. who
4. whose 引导定语从句，先行词可以是“人”也可是“物”，whose在从句中作定语。例如：
Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
史密斯老师便是上周房子着火的那名教师。
Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
哈利是个男孩，他的妈妈是我们的数学老师。
5. 如果关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置
1）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。例如： The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. 刚刚与你谈话的人是李先生。 Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write. 里德老师是那名你应该给其写信的教授。 2）含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。例如： Is this the watch which he is looking for? 这是他正在寻找的那块表吗？ The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 护士们正在照料的那名老人现在身体已经非常好了。 3）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。
●由关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。 比较： I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. I’ll never forget the time which we spent together
2. where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词做地点状语。如：
This is the house where he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房子。
比较：
This is the factory wherehe worked.
This is the factory which we visited.
●判断关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.
（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where，when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
●只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句
1. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美的山。
2. 先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities. 我读的第一篇英文小说是《双城记》。
3. 当all, any, no, little, much, many等修饰先行词时。如：
Here are all the books that I have. 这就是我所有的书。
4. 当先行词为等不定代词，如all, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, something时。如：
Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen. 最后小偷交出了他所偷的每件东西。
5. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。如：
This is the only book that I like. 这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
6. 先行词为同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时。如：
I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。
7. 主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. 桌子上的那本书是弗兰克的。 定语从句“纠错台”
错例1
Mr Zhang is just the person that help me out whenever I’m in truouble.
定语从句中主谓要一致。在定语从句中，关系代词that作主语，要根据先行词的人称和数确定从句中谓语动词的单复数。此处应将help改为helps，因先行词the person是单数形式。
错例2
There are lots of books that everybody want to read.
在定语从句中，主语是everybody，其谓语动词与从句的主语应保持数的一致。此处应将want改为wants。
错例3
Mary likes the music that she can sing along with it.
在定语从句中不要出现多余的宾语。定语从句的宾语是关系代词that，因此it多余，应删去。
错例4
They all think Cathy is a girl who is easy to get along.
不要丢掉定语从句中短语动词的介词。当先行词是从句的逻辑宾语，从句色谓语动词是短语动词时，不可丢掉相应的介词。此处应在along后加上介词with。
错例5
The girl has some flowers in her hand is a famous singer.
定语从句中作主语的关系代词不能省略。关系代词who或that在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略，否则，句子结构不完整。此处应在has前加上who。
错例6
① Kunming is a place where is always warm.
② I often think of the days that we studied together at university.
正确使用关系代词和关系副词。句①中应where改为which / that ，定语从句中没有主语，where是副词，不能作主语，所以用关系代词which / that，指代前面的先行词a place。句②中that应改为when，定语从句需要一个时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该定语从句。
【亲身体验】
改错：
1. Do you like the song that make you feel blue?
2. Is this the topic that you talked about it yesterday?
3. That’s the CD I have been looking forward.
4. The boy is sitting behind Nancy comes from Canada.
5. The piece of music reminded me of those good days when I spent in my childhood.
参考答案：
1. make 改为makes 2. 去掉it 3. 在forward 后加介词to 4. 在is前加 who
5. when 改为which / that
最终答案：略