英语翻译However,there is another possibility,namely the internal

英语翻译
However,there is another possibility,namely the internal variable formulation [1].Here,the additional variables are the `internal strains' of the damped branches.In a finite element application,it is possible to derive the internal strains from additional degrees of freedom.Golla and Hughes [2] and McTavish and Hughes [3] have introduced internal variables as additional degrees of freedom at each element (GHM method).However,they implemented a slightly different constitutive model,with an additional mass inside each Maxwell branch [3].Johnson et al.[4] used a real generalized Maxwell model for dynamics in a time history analysis,adding viscoelastic degrees of freedom to each node.Still,these are not really nodal variables because they are independent from element to element.Contrarily,Idesman et al.[5] used a true nodal-variable approach for a finite element both in space and time,neglecting dynamic effects.Lesieutre and his colleagues [6,7] have added nodal viscoelastic degrees of freedom to the element nodes and formulated internal strains from internal displacement fields called `anelastic displacement field' (ADF).In [8],Lesieutre also commented an alternative way of applying boundary conditions.It can also be noted that the ADF model has been successfully used for other,more sophisticated material models (e.g.[8]).

但是,还有另一种可能,即内部变量公式[1].在这里,额外的变量是“内部菌株的阻尼的分支机构.在有限元应用,就有可能获得额外的内部菌株的自由度.Golla和休斯[2]和文献[3]•麦克泰维什和休斯已经介绍了内部变量作为附加自由度在每一部分(GHM法).然而,他们实施了一个稍微不同的本构模型,用一种附加质量内每个麦克斯韦分支[3].约翰逊孙俐.[4]使用一个真正的广义麦克斯韦模型进行时程分析的动态行为塑造于粘弹性的自由度,增加向每个节点.当然,这些都不是真正的节点变量,因为他们是独立于元素的元素.(例子)相反,Idesman孙俐.[5]的方法使用一个真正的nodal-variable有限元两者在时间和空间中,忽视动态效应.Lesieutre和他的同事们[6、7个]已经增加了节点的粘弹性的自由度的元素节点和制定从内部位移场进行了内部菌株叫做“anelastic位移场”(二).文献[8]中,Lesieutre同样评论的另一种方式中的应用,分析了边界条件.它也能被注意到,配合模型已成功用于其他,更复杂的资料模型(例句.[8]).