英语翻译跪求一篇关于钢材经销商方面的英文文献及翻译!Q是1281250896 求发

英语翻译
跪求一篇关于钢材经销商方面的英文文献及翻译!Q是1281250896 求发

In the past decade, the concept of a second-order or an advanced analysis has been described in various national design codes of practice such as the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifi- cation for Structural Steel Buildings ( 1986 ) and the Australia standards ( AS4100 1990 ) . Unlike the 1inear analysis where checking of member strength against instability and second-order effect is carried out by the element design formulas in the codes, the second-order analysis automatically includes the effects of these nonlinear terms. As a result of this, stress, allowing for the second- order P-δand P-△ effects, can be automatically computed and compared with the factored yield stress, or the design strength, in the analysis so that the empirical approach to amplify the moment due to a large change of geometry becomes unnecessary, resulting in much convenience and accuracy. In addition, the second-order and advanced analysis--including various linear and nonlinear terms for a more accurate computation of member forces and moments-provides a much more effective and accurate means of assessing the strength, stability, and serviceability of a structure and is expected to be widely accepted by the engineer, provided that an effective and robust analysis method is available This "integrated design and analysis approach "is aimed at using a sophisticated second-order analysis to design practical steel frames fulfilling the design code requirements. A literature survey shows that typical second-order analysis methods ignore many important characteristics and requirements for practical design, including the member initial imperfection and its direction, consistency between the linear and the nonlinear models due to the need to use several elements per member for a second-order analysis, and loads along members. The proposed method includes these terms so that it can be used to directly design real and practical steel frames fulfilling the advanced analysis requirement.
中文：过去十年中,二阶或高等分析的概念在各种国内设计规范中被描述,例如结构钢建筑负载和抗性因子设计规格( 1986 ) 和澳大利亚标准 ( AS4100 1990 ) .不同于线性分析用规范中的元设计方程来执行构件强度反不稳定性和二阶效应的检查,二阶分析自动地包括这些非线性条件的效果.结果是应力允许二阶P-δ和P-△效应,可被自动地计算并与屈服应力或设计强度相比较,以便在分析中不再需要因几何形状的巨变而扩大力矩的经验方法,结果更方便、精确.此外,二阶与高等分析--包括更精确的构件力-力矩计算的各种线性和非线性条件,并提供更有效和更精确的结构强度、稳定性和适用性估计方法,可望被工程师广泛接受,提供一个有效的分析法是可行的."综合设计和分析进展"针对使用复杂的二阶分析去实施规范需要的应用钢框架设计.一篇文献调查认为典型的二阶分析法忽视了许多重要的特性和实践设计需要,包括构件初始不完整性和它的方向,线性和非线性模型之间的一致性因为需要对每构件几个元件作二阶分析,和沿构件的负载.建议的方法包括这些条款以便它能直接用于实现高等分析要求的设计和应用钢框架.