神马作文网新目标八年级上册英语语法谁会啊 我这种格式的
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新目标八年级上册英语语法谁会啊 我这种格式的
语法
比如：How to invitation sb?怎样邀请某人?
eg:can you come to+……?你能参加……吗?
谁能写出来啊 帮我大忙啦
语法
比如：How to invitation sb?怎样邀请某人?
eg:can you come to+……?你能参加……吗?
谁能写出来啊 帮我大忙啦
Review of Unit 1－6
I. language goals （语言目标）
1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率.
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions.
谈论健康话题以及提出建议.
3. Talk about future plans.
谈论未来的计划/打算.
4. Talk about how to get to places.
谈论到达某地的方式.
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons.
学会发出,接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因.
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people.
学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们.
II. Key Phrases （重点短语）：
1. how often 多长时间一次
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. a lot of 许多
4. hardly ever 很少
5. start with 以…开始
6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事
7. look after 照料
8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康
9. once a day 一天一次
10. twice a month 一个月两次
11. be good for 对…有好处
12. once in a while 偶尔
13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙医
14. get a cold / fever 感冒/发烧
15. have a stomachache 肚子疼
16. have a toothache 牙疼
17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest 躺下休息
19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶
20. be stressed out 紧张
21. listen to … 听…
22. get tired 变的疲劳
23. keep healthy 保持健康
24. at the moment 此刻；目前
25. watch TV 看电视
26. play basketball 打篮球
27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend 拜访我的朋友
29. relax at home 在家放松
30. sports camp 运动野营
31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing
去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光
33. go away 离开
34. get back to school 返回学校
35. stay for a week 呆一个星期
36. go bike riding 骑自行车兜风
37. takes walks 散步
38. rent videos 租录像带
39. sleep a lot 睡得多
40. think about 考虑
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane
乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机
42. get to 到达
43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共车/飞机/小船
44. train / subway / bus station 火车/地铁/公共车站
45. bus ride 乘公共车的旅行
46. ride a bike 骑自行车
47. bus stop 公共汽车站
48. on foot 步行
49. leave for 离开去…
50. school bus 学校班车
51. the early bus 早班车
52. be different from 与…不同
53. half past six 六点半
54. in North America 在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐
56. need to do 需要做…
57. more than 多于
58. play soccer 踢足球
59. baseball game 棒球比赛
60. school team 校队
61. come over to 过来到…
62. the day after tomorrow 后天
63. be good at 擅长于…
64. two years ago 两年前
65. be outgoing 外向的
66. all the time 一直
67. in some ways 在一些方面
68. look the same 看起来一样
69. talk to everyone 与大家谈话
70. make me laugh 使我笑
III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型：
Unit 1:
1. －What do you usually do on weekends?
－I usually go to the movies.
2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends?
－He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise?
I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables?
She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.
Unit 2:
1. What’s the matter?
What’s wrong?
What’s the trouble?
2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat.
/I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist.
You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.
Unit 3
1. －What is she doing for vacation?
－She is babysitting her little sister.
－That sounds nice / interesting.
2. －When are you going?
－I’m going on Monday.
3. －Where are they going?
－They are going to Tibet.
4. －Who is she going with?
－She is going with her parents.
5. －How long is he staying.
－He is staying for a week.
6. －How is the weather there?
－I’m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.
Unit 4:
1. －How do you get to school?
－I get to school by bus.
2. －How does he go to work?
－He usually walks to school.
3. －How long does it take?
－It takes about twenty minutes.
4. －How far is it from his home to school?
－It’s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
－Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
－No, she can’t. She has to help her mom.
3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday?
－When is it?
－It’s at four o’clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I’m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What’s the date today?
Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is （a little）taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose? a pair of一双,一对
ask for 请求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with赞同
all year round一年到头,全年
all kinds of各种,各样
all the time一直
argue with与争吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到达
at least至少
at a meeting在开会
at first首先
as…as possible尽可能
as…as象一样
be able to能够
be angry with 生气
be mad at对感到气愤
be good at擅长于
be careful小心
be allowed被允许
be surprised惊讶
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in对感兴趣
break the rule打破规则
by the way顺便
complain about抱怨
come along出现,发生
come true实现,达到
come in进来
cut in line插队
call sb. up打电话给
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter乱扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事
end up结束
fall in love with爱上
fall asleep入睡
far from远离
first of all首先
fly to飞向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down压低声音
keep out不让进入
look for寻找
look smart 看起来精干
look after照顾
look through浏览
let (sb) in让进
let sbget along相处
get over克服
get annoyed生气
get bored厌烦
get an education受教育
get on (well) with与相处（好）
get injured受伤
give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物
give away赠送
go skating去溜冰
go out of从出去/来
have a fight with与打架/争吵
have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到过
hear about/of听说
hundreds of好几百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一会儿
in 100 years100年后
in good health身体健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未来,将来
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操场
in/out of style时髦/过时
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄国风格
in public places在公共场合
It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事
the same as与相同
try (not) to do sth尽力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn up/down开大/关小
talk to/with与谈话
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take off起飞take away拿走
take place发生
take an interest in对感兴趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)谢谢（做）
wait in line排队等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)谋生
make money赚钱
make friends with与交友
more than多于
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到为止
not at all一点也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十岁）生日
on the phone在通话
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打开
put out熄灭
pick…up捡起
pass (sth) on (to sb)传递
pay for 付款
part-time job兼职工作
run out of用尽
run away逃跑
rather than胜于
right away立刻,马上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花费
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懒觉
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事
adj.(special) enough够（特别
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won’t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don’t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 让某人干
语法专项I
I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词,概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词.
一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词.
1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词,它的第一个字母必须大写,专有名词前一般不加冠词.
A. 表示人名：Li Bai,Mr Black,Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名：China,London,Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.
2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标,它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类.
A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student,teacher,car.
B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family,police,people.
C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music,love
D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water,tea,air
二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词,表示一个用单数,两个以上用复数,可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an,可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”.可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an.
1. 单数可数名词,表示“一”的概念,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an. eg：a book, a tree, a shark an octopus,an apple,an egg
2. 复数可数名词：在梦塔英语中,如果要表示“二、三、四,……”概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的.
A. 名词复数的规则变化. a. 在一般情况下,词尾后加-s. books,cups,beds,boys,horses
b. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加-es,读|iz| buses,boxes,dishes,watches
c. 以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es,读|vz| half—halves,knife—knives
d. 以o结尾的词,词尾加-es或-s. zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes
e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加-es. cities,families,babies
B. 名词复数的不规则变化. man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,sheep—sheep
C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes,trousers,pants,glasses
3. 不可数名词表示量的概念时,在这些词前加上数量词. eg：a cup of coffee,a piece of paper,three slices of bread
II. 不定代词,我们所学的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,（a）few,（a）little,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语.
一. some,any及其合成词的用法.
1. 基本用法 some,any可与单、复数和不可数名词连用. some用于肯定句中,而不能用于疑问句中,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中. eg：I have some interesting books. There is some yogurt in the bottle. I don't have any money. Were there any sharks in the aquarium?
2. 特殊用法 在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some. eg：Would you like some more tea?
二. all,both的用法 1. all代表或修饰四个以上的人或事物,或不可数的东西. eg：We all like eat potato chips. All the students in our class went to the zoo. 2. both是指“两者都……” eg：The twins both have long hair. There are many trees on both sides of the street.
三. many,much,（a lot）,a few,few,a little,little.这些词都可以表示数量,并且都可以修饰名词. 1. many,a lot,a few,few修饰可数名词；much,a lot,a little,little修饰不可数名词. 2. many,much,a lot,a few,a little表示肯定的意思：few,little表示否定的意思. eg：How much relish do we need? There are a few minutes left, aren't there? There is a little time left, is there?
III. 形容词的比较等级：梦塔英语中的形容词,在表示“比较——”和“最——”这样的概念时,要用特别的形式,称为比较级和最高级. 原级 比较级 最高级 young（年轻） younger（比较年轻） youngest（最年轻）
一. 变化形式如下：
1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加-er〔 〕（比较级）和-est〔ist〕（最高级） 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只在词尾加-r（比较级）和-st（最高级） “辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,将词尾的y改为i,再加-er和-est 重读闭音节词,只有一个辅音字母结尾时,要双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est 部分双音节词和多音节词,在该词前面加more和the most构成比较级和最高级 tall高的（adj.） great巨大的（adj.） fast快（adj.& adv.） near附近的（adj. & adv.） nice好的（adj.） large大的（adj.） able有能力的（adj.） late晚,晚的（adj. & adv.） easy容易的（adj.） busy忙的（adj.） early早（adj. & adv.） big大的（adj.） hot热的（adj.） thin细的,瘦的（adj.） important重要的（adj.） beautiful漂亮的（adj.） slowly慢（adv.） quickly快（adv.） teller greater faster nearer nicer larger abler later easier busier earlier bigger hotter thinner more important more beautiful more slowly more quickly the tallest the greatest （the）fastest （the）nearest the nicest the largest the ablest （the）latest the easiest the busiest （the）earliest the biggest the hottest the thinnest the most important the most beautiful (the) most slowly (the) most quickly
2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good好的（adj.） well健康的（adj.） 好（adv.） bad坏的（adj.） ill有病的（adj.） badly坏（adv.） many多（adj. & adv.） much多（adj. & adv.） far远（adj. & adv.） little少（adj. & adv.） old老的（adj.） late迟的,晚的（adj.） better['bet ]较好的（地） worse[w :s]更坏（地） 更差（地） more[m :]更多的,更加 farther['fa: ]较远 further['f : ]进一步 less[les]较少的（地） older[' uld ]较老的 elder['eld ]年长的 later较迟的,较近的 latter['l t ]后者 (the) best[best]最好的（地） (the) worst[w :st]最坏（地） 最糟（地） (the) most[m ust]最多的（地） (the) farthest['fa: ist]最远的（地） (the) furthest['f : ist]最深远的（地） (the) least[li:st]最少的（地） the oldest[' uldist]最老的 the eldest['eldist]最年长的 the latest（时间上）最近的 the last（顺序）最后的 比较： elder和eldest主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,如：elder sister姐姐. older和oldest则用于表示年龄大小. They are in the same age, but Li looks much older than Ma. 他们两个在年龄上一般大,但看起来李比马老的多. 二. 形容词比较等级的用法. 形容词比较等级通常分为原形,比较级和最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中： （1）as +原形+ as 表示“……和……相同”. （2）比较级+ than 表示“……比……较为……”. （3）the +最高级+ of / in 表示“在……中最为……”. eg：My dog is as old as that one. The jacket is as cheap as that old one. Is he as busy as before? Mary is funnier than Jane. His brother is younger than me. Tom is the happiest of us all. Spring is the best season of the year. 三. 需要注意的一些问题. 1. 在形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,far,a lot,still,a little来修饰,表示“……的多”,“甚至……”,“仍然,还……”,“更……”,以加强语气. eg：Our city is much more beautiful than yours. Japan is a little larger than Germany.
2. 表示“大几岁”,“高……”等,句型用“表示数量的词+形容词比较级.” eg：I'm two years older than you. She is a head taller than me.
3. 表示“越来越……”,句型用“比较级+ and +比较级”. eg：China is more and more beautiful. The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4. 表示“是最……之一”句型用“one of the +形容词最高级”. eg：Beijing is one of the busiest cities in China. One of the most important languages is Englis
I. language goals （语言目标）
1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率.
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions.
谈论健康话题以及提出建议.
3. Talk about future plans.
谈论未来的计划/打算.
4. Talk about how to get to places.
谈论到达某地的方式.
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons.
学会发出,接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因.
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people.
学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们.
II. Key Phrases （重点短语）：
1. how often 多长时间一次
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. a lot of 许多
4. hardly ever 很少
5. start with 以…开始
6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事
7. look after 照料
8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康
9. once a day 一天一次
10. twice a month 一个月两次
11. be good for 对…有好处
12. once in a while 偶尔
13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙医
14. get a cold / fever 感冒/发烧
15. have a stomachache 肚子疼
16. have a toothache 牙疼
17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest 躺下休息
19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶
20. be stressed out 紧张
21. listen to … 听…
22. get tired 变的疲劳
23. keep healthy 保持健康
24. at the moment 此刻；目前
25. watch TV 看电视
26. play basketball 打篮球
27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend 拜访我的朋友
29. relax at home 在家放松
30. sports camp 运动野营
31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing
去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光
33. go away 离开
34. get back to school 返回学校
35. stay for a week 呆一个星期
36. go bike riding 骑自行车兜风
37. takes walks 散步
38. rent videos 租录像带
39. sleep a lot 睡得多
40. think about 考虑
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane
乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机
42. get to 到达
43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共车/飞机/小船
44. train / subway / bus station 火车/地铁/公共车站
45. bus ride 乘公共车的旅行
46. ride a bike 骑自行车
47. bus stop 公共汽车站
48. on foot 步行
49. leave for 离开去…
50. school bus 学校班车
51. the early bus 早班车
52. be different from 与…不同
53. half past six 六点半
54. in North America 在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐
56. need to do 需要做…
57. more than 多于
58. play soccer 踢足球
59. baseball game 棒球比赛
60. school team 校队
61. come over to 过来到…
62. the day after tomorrow 后天
63. be good at 擅长于…
64. two years ago 两年前
65. be outgoing 外向的
66. all the time 一直
67. in some ways 在一些方面
68. look the same 看起来一样
69. talk to everyone 与大家谈话
70. make me laugh 使我笑
III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型：
Unit 1:
1. －What do you usually do on weekends?
－I usually go to the movies.
2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends?
－He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise?
I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables?
She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.
Unit 2:
1. What’s the matter?
What’s wrong?
What’s the trouble?
2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat.
/I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist.
You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.
Unit 3
1. －What is she doing for vacation?
－She is babysitting her little sister.
－That sounds nice / interesting.
2. －When are you going?
－I’m going on Monday.
3. －Where are they going?
－They are going to Tibet.
4. －Who is she going with?
－She is going with her parents.
5. －How long is he staying.
－He is staying for a week.
6. －How is the weather there?
－I’m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.
Unit 4:
1. －How do you get to school?
－I get to school by bus.
2. －How does he go to work?
－He usually walks to school.
3. －How long does it take?
－It takes about twenty minutes.
4. －How far is it from his home to school?
－It’s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
－Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
－No, she can’t. She has to help her mom.
3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday?
－When is it?
－It’s at four o’clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I’m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What’s the date today?
Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is （a little）taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose? a pair of一双,一对
ask for 请求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with赞同
all year round一年到头,全年
all kinds of各种,各样
all the time一直
argue with与争吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到达
at least至少
at a meeting在开会
at first首先
as…as possible尽可能
as…as象一样
be able to能够
be angry with 生气
be mad at对感到气愤
be good at擅长于
be careful小心
be allowed被允许
be surprised惊讶
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in对感兴趣
break the rule打破规则
by the way顺便
complain about抱怨
come along出现,发生
come true实现,达到
come in进来
cut in line插队
call sb. up打电话给
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter乱扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事
end up结束
fall in love with爱上
fall asleep入睡
far from远离
first of all首先
fly to飞向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down压低声音
keep out不让进入
look for寻找
look smart 看起来精干
look after照顾
look through浏览
let (sb) in让进
let sbget along相处
get over克服
get annoyed生气
get bored厌烦
get an education受教育
get on (well) with与相处（好）
get injured受伤
give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物
give away赠送
go skating去溜冰
go out of从出去/来
have a fight with与打架/争吵
have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到过
hear about/of听说
hundreds of好几百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一会儿
in 100 years100年后
in good health身体健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未来,将来
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操场
in/out of style时髦/过时
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄国风格
in public places在公共场合
It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事
the same as与相同
try (not) to do sth尽力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn up/down开大/关小
talk to/with与谈话
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take off起飞take away拿走
take place发生
take an interest in对感兴趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)谢谢（做）
wait in line排队等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)谋生
make money赚钱
make friends with与交友
more than多于
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到为止
not at all一点也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十岁）生日
on the phone在通话
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打开
put out熄灭
pick…up捡起
pass (sth) on (to sb)传递
pay for 付款
part-time job兼职工作
run out of用尽
run away逃跑
rather than胜于
right away立刻,马上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花费
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懒觉
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事
adj.(special) enough够（特别
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won’t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don’t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 让某人干
语法专项I
I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词,概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词.
一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词.
1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词,它的第一个字母必须大写,专有名词前一般不加冠词.
A. 表示人名：Li Bai,Mr Black,Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名：China,London,Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.
2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标,它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类.
A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student,teacher,car.
B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family,police,people.
C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music,love
D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water,tea,air
二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词,表示一个用单数,两个以上用复数,可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an,可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”.可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an.
1. 单数可数名词,表示“一”的概念,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an. eg：a book, a tree, a shark an octopus,an apple,an egg
2. 复数可数名词：在梦塔英语中,如果要表示“二、三、四,……”概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的.
A. 名词复数的规则变化. a. 在一般情况下,词尾后加-s. books,cups,beds,boys,horses
b. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加-es,读|iz| buses,boxes,dishes,watches
c. 以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es,读|vz| half—halves,knife—knives
d. 以o结尾的词,词尾加-es或-s. zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes
e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加-es. cities,families,babies
B. 名词复数的不规则变化. man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,sheep—sheep
C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes,trousers,pants,glasses
3. 不可数名词表示量的概念时,在这些词前加上数量词. eg：a cup of coffee,a piece of paper,three slices of bread
II. 不定代词,我们所学的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,（a）few,（a）little,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语.
一. some,any及其合成词的用法.
1. 基本用法 some,any可与单、复数和不可数名词连用. some用于肯定句中,而不能用于疑问句中,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中. eg：I have some interesting books. There is some yogurt in the bottle. I don't have any money. Were there any sharks in the aquarium?
2. 特殊用法 在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some. eg：Would you like some more tea?
二. all,both的用法 1. all代表或修饰四个以上的人或事物,或不可数的东西. eg：We all like eat potato chips. All the students in our class went to the zoo. 2. both是指“两者都……” eg：The twins both have long hair. There are many trees on both sides of the street.
三. many,much,（a lot）,a few,few,a little,little.这些词都可以表示数量,并且都可以修饰名词. 1. many,a lot,a few,few修饰可数名词；much,a lot,a little,little修饰不可数名词. 2. many,much,a lot,a few,a little表示肯定的意思：few,little表示否定的意思. eg：How much relish do we need? There are a few minutes left, aren't there? There is a little time left, is there?
III. 形容词的比较等级：梦塔英语中的形容词,在表示“比较——”和“最——”这样的概念时,要用特别的形式,称为比较级和最高级. 原级 比较级 最高级 young（年轻） younger（比较年轻） youngest（最年轻）
一. 变化形式如下：
1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加-er〔 〕（比较级）和-est〔ist〕（最高级） 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只在词尾加-r（比较级）和-st（最高级） “辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,将词尾的y改为i,再加-er和-est 重读闭音节词,只有一个辅音字母结尾时,要双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est 部分双音节词和多音节词,在该词前面加more和the most构成比较级和最高级 tall高的（adj.） great巨大的（adj.） fast快（adj.& adv.） near附近的（adj. & adv.） nice好的（adj.） large大的（adj.） able有能力的（adj.） late晚,晚的（adj. & adv.） easy容易的（adj.） busy忙的（adj.） early早（adj. & adv.） big大的（adj.） hot热的（adj.） thin细的,瘦的（adj.） important重要的（adj.） beautiful漂亮的（adj.） slowly慢（adv.） quickly快（adv.） teller greater faster nearer nicer larger abler later easier busier earlier bigger hotter thinner more important more beautiful more slowly more quickly the tallest the greatest （the）fastest （the）nearest the nicest the largest the ablest （the）latest the easiest the busiest （the）earliest the biggest the hottest the thinnest the most important the most beautiful (the) most slowly (the) most quickly
2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good好的（adj.） well健康的（adj.） 好（adv.） bad坏的（adj.） ill有病的（adj.） badly坏（adv.） many多（adj. & adv.） much多（adj. & adv.） far远（adj. & adv.） little少（adj. & adv.） old老的（adj.） late迟的,晚的（adj.） better['bet ]较好的（地） worse[w :s]更坏（地） 更差（地） more[m :]更多的,更加 farther['fa: ]较远 further['f : ]进一步 less[les]较少的（地） older[' uld ]较老的 elder['eld ]年长的 later较迟的,较近的 latter['l t ]后者 (the) best[best]最好的（地） (the) worst[w :st]最坏（地） 最糟（地） (the) most[m ust]最多的（地） (the) farthest['fa: ist]最远的（地） (the) furthest['f : ist]最深远的（地） (the) least[li:st]最少的（地） the oldest[' uldist]最老的 the eldest['eldist]最年长的 the latest（时间上）最近的 the last（顺序）最后的 比较： elder和eldest主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,如：elder sister姐姐. older和oldest则用于表示年龄大小. They are in the same age, but Li looks much older than Ma. 他们两个在年龄上一般大,但看起来李比马老的多. 二. 形容词比较等级的用法. 形容词比较等级通常分为原形,比较级和最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中： （1）as +原形+ as 表示“……和……相同”. （2）比较级+ than 表示“……比……较为……”. （3）the +最高级+ of / in 表示“在……中最为……”. eg：My dog is as old as that one. The jacket is as cheap as that old one. Is he as busy as before? Mary is funnier than Jane. His brother is younger than me. Tom is the happiest of us all. Spring is the best season of the year. 三. 需要注意的一些问题. 1. 在形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,far,a lot,still,a little来修饰,表示“……的多”,“甚至……”,“仍然,还……”,“更……”,以加强语气. eg：Our city is much more beautiful than yours. Japan is a little larger than Germany.
2. 表示“大几岁”,“高……”等,句型用“表示数量的词+形容词比较级.” eg：I'm two years older than you. She is a head taller than me.
3. 表示“越来越……”,句型用“比较级+ and +比较级”. eg：China is more and more beautiful. The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4. 表示“是最……之一”句型用“one of the +形容词最高级”. eg：Beijing is one of the busiest cities in China. One of the most important languages is Englis