神马作文网有哪些介词或介词短语作状语时虚拟语气
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/10 21:12:48
有哪些介词或介词短语作状语时虚拟语气
有没有更全面点的，我说的是介词或介词短语
有没有更全面点的，我说的是介词或介词短语
从句中须用虚拟语气的情况
一、在wish的宾语从句中
1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望.宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反
She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱.) / I wish I didn't say that. (要是我不说这件事就好了.) / I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident. ( 我要是不那么忧郁就好了,那也就不会发生那场事故了.)
1) I wish I knew ［A］ you were arriving ［B］ today. I would have met ［C］ you at ［D］ the station if I had.
2) She wishes that we didn’t send ［A］ her the candy ［B］ yesterday because ［C］ she’s on ［D］ a diet.
3) My brother is in ［A］ California on ［B］ vacation,but I wish he was ［C］ here so that he could help me repair my car ［D］ .
2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would＋动词原形
I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会.) / She wishes you wouldn't go. (她希望你不要走.)
3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时
二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中：一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形.这些词可分为下列几类
1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句
suggest(建议), propose (提议), recommend(建议), move (提议), advise(建议), insist(坚持), urge(极力主张), ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算), prefer(宁愿), urge(敦促).
When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”.)
He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的.)
One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年.)
2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替)：这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should ＋ 动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形
it is necessary 【 essential (重要的), vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .
11) The irritable ［A］ sergeant was ［B］ insistent that nothing supersedes ［C］ the drilling(训练) of the forty new men ［D］ .
12) It is extremely ［A］ necessary that you will realize ［B］ that reading is not only ［C］ a physical ［D］ and metal process.
3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句.这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形或省略should.这类词有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence,suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议),proposal(建议),recommendation(建议),understanding(协议), resolution(决定,决议)
4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句,我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等
I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士.
5. 另外,在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的.在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装
If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉.)
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的.)
但如果把引导词去掉,我们就要用倒装句,如上述几句可变为
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
三、it is (high) time, ［该(必须)做……］等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气
It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了.)
此外,还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构,一般表示愿望,如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了.) / If only she had never been married. (要是她从没有结婚就好了.)
虚拟语气的特殊表现形式
一、表示“好像”：除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气.其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反
1) Violetta has a curious ［A］ expression on ［B］ her face as though she was smiling ［C］ about something that amused her ［D］ .
二、特殊连词的需要：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should＋加动词原形)
We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. (我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑,恐怕他生气.)
He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. (他加紧步伐,生怕在急行军中掉队.)
Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. (我对他特别关照,唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等.)
He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格.)
三、介词短语表示虚拟： 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来.如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了.)
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件,我们还会做得更好.)
四、虚拟错综条件句：上面几种假设类型中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应.但是,如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整
If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了.(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反.) I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我当时对你作错了什么事,我向你表示抱歉.但我敢保证我不是故意的.)
五、省略虚拟条件句：虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时,可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装
一、在wish的宾语从句中
1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望.宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反
She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱.) / I wish I didn't say that. (要是我不说这件事就好了.) / I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident. ( 我要是不那么忧郁就好了,那也就不会发生那场事故了.)
1) I wish I knew ［A］ you were arriving ［B］ today. I would have met ［C］ you at ［D］ the station if I had.
2) She wishes that we didn’t send ［A］ her the candy ［B］ yesterday because ［C］ she’s on ［D］ a diet.
3) My brother is in ［A］ California on ［B］ vacation,but I wish he was ［C］ here so that he could help me repair my car ［D］ .
2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would＋动词原形
I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会.) / She wishes you wouldn't go. (她希望你不要走.)
3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时
二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中：一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形.这些词可分为下列几类
1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句
suggest(建议), propose (提议), recommend(建议), move (提议), advise(建议), insist(坚持), urge(极力主张), ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算), prefer(宁愿), urge(敦促).
When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”.)
He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的.)
One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年.)
2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替)：这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should ＋ 动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形
it is necessary 【 essential (重要的), vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .
11) The irritable ［A］ sergeant was ［B］ insistent that nothing supersedes ［C］ the drilling(训练) of the forty new men ［D］ .
12) It is extremely ［A］ necessary that you will realize ［B］ that reading is not only ［C］ a physical ［D］ and metal process.
3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句.这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形或省略should.这类词有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence,suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议),proposal(建议),recommendation(建议),understanding(协议), resolution(决定,决议)
4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句,我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等
I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士.
5. 另外,在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的.在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装
If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉.)
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的.)
但如果把引导词去掉,我们就要用倒装句,如上述几句可变为
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
三、it is (high) time, ［该(必须)做……］等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气
It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了.)
此外,还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构,一般表示愿望,如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了.) / If only she had never been married. (要是她从没有结婚就好了.)
虚拟语气的特殊表现形式
一、表示“好像”：除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气.其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反
1) Violetta has a curious ［A］ expression on ［B］ her face as though she was smiling ［C］ about something that amused her ［D］ .
二、特殊连词的需要：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should＋加动词原形)
We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. (我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑,恐怕他生气.)
He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. (他加紧步伐,生怕在急行军中掉队.)
Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. (我对他特别关照,唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等.)
He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格.)
三、介词短语表示虚拟： 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来.如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了.)
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件,我们还会做得更好.)
四、虚拟错综条件句：上面几种假设类型中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应.但是,如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整
If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了.(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反.) I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我当时对你作错了什么事,我向你表示抱歉.但我敢保证我不是故意的.)
五、省略虚拟条件句：虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时,可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装