英语语法(不定式)
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动词不定式是什么,请举例
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
动词不定式肯定形式:to+动词原形;否定形式 not to do
动词不定式的用法:
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
注意:1)在句型③中常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。
2) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
二、作宾语
1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), ask(要求)choose(决定),decide(决定),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),seem(觉得好像),want(想要),wish(希望)等 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. I find it difficult to learn English well.
三、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) allow believe cause encourage force find invite like order remind request require send suppose tell train 等。例句: Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
四、作表语
当出现“A是B”这种结构,且B是动词,B往往用成不定式做表语。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。例如:My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
五、作状语
in order to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
六、作定语
⒈不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
2.如是不及物动词,且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,则需加介词,如:Would you please give me some paper to write on?
七、省略to 的不定式
1) 使役动词 let, have, make后:
2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice ,hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。
3) Why… / why not…,would rather,had better后
4) help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
常见考法 对于不定式考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,会考查在一些固定句型中的运用以及其否定形式。
典型例题:Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A not to drive B. to not driver C.not driving D. don't drive
解析:本题考查不定式在warn 后做宾语的句型。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth.
答案:A
误区提醒 有些动词后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词时,而且两者意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。例如:forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。
典型例题:---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
解析:由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
答案:C
学习进步!
最终答案:略
解题过程:
动词不定式肯定形式:to+动词原形;否定形式 not to do
动词不定式的用法:
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
注意:1)在句型③中常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。
2) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
二、作宾语
1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), ask(要求)choose(决定),decide(决定),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),seem(觉得好像),want(想要),wish(希望)等 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. I find it difficult to learn English well.
三、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) allow believe cause encourage force find invite like order remind request require send suppose tell train 等。例句: Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
四、作表语
当出现“A是B”这种结构,且B是动词,B往往用成不定式做表语。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。例如:My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
五、作状语
in order to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
六、作定语
⒈不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
2.如是不及物动词,且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,则需加介词,如:Would you please give me some paper to write on?
七、省略to 的不定式
1) 使役动词 let, have, make后:
2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice ,hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。
3) Why… / why not…,would rather,had better后
4) help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
常见考法 对于不定式考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,会考查在一些固定句型中的运用以及其否定形式。
典型例题:Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A not to drive B. to not driver C.not driving D. don't drive
解析:本题考查不定式在warn 后做宾语的句型。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth.
答案:A
误区提醒 有些动词后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词时,而且两者意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。例如:forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。
典型例题:---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
解析:由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
答案:C
学习进步!
最终答案:略