英语翻译Over the last several years,rapid prototyping techniques

英语翻译
Over the last several years,rapid prototyping techniques have grown
seriously.They reduce in a considerable way the manufacturing
time for parts,and thus lead to a faster production
phase-shift.Currently,processes associated with RP techniques
make it possible to obtain viable plastic injection
moulds in one day.This induces a great reduction of implementation
time for production,as well as a limitation
of the associated costs.Now such techniques are about to
be optimized for a real production application [1].These
techniques,which in fact are named rapid tooling techniques
(RT),are not yet directly applicable for forging
matrices.Indeed,due to high temperature and effort during
the forging process,matrices have to be obtained in steel
with high mechanical characteristics,such as tempered
steels.A current method to manufacture these matrices is
to use an electro-discharge machining
(EDM) process.A copper or graphite electrode is
used to erode a steel part by controlled electric discharges.
Nowadays,electrodes are machined on numerical machine
tools [2,3].Industry has placed a considerable stake in
∗ Corresponding author.
rapid manufacturing electrodes,since current technologies
represent today up to 25–30% of the manufacturing time
of the final part.Using rapid tooling process is then possible.
However,constraints associated with EDM process
raise problems,since the electrode has to be conductive,
possess high thermo-mechanics characteristics and respect
the specified accuracy for the final mould shape

在过去的几年里,快速原型技术成长
认真.他们减少了相当的生产方式
时间部件,从而导致更快的生产
相移.目前,过程与反相技术
使人们有可能获得可行的注塑
模具在一天.这会引起很大的执行减少
生产时间,以及限制
的相关费用.现在,这些技术将要
进行优化,一个真正的生产应用程序[1].这些
技术,而实际上被命名为快速制模技术
（往返）,尚未建立直接适用
矩阵.事实上,由于高温和努力,在
锻造过程中,矩阵必须在取得钢铁
具有较高的机械特性,如锻炼,
钢.阿目前的方法来制造这些矩阵
使用一个放电加工
（EDM）的过程.铜或石墨电极
用于削弱了控制放电产生的钢件.
如今,电极加工的数控机床
工具[2,3].工业寄予了相当的股份,
*通讯作者.
快速制造电极,因为目前的技术
代表当今高达25-30％的制造时间
最后一部分.采用快速模具制造过程,然后可能的.
然而,电火花加工过程有关的制约因素
提出问题,因为要电极导电,
具有较高的热机械特性和尊重
为最终形成模具的精度