英语有哪些重要的语法【初一的】

英语有哪些重要的语法【初一的】

介词与名词、形容词、动词等搭配的习惯用法 介词与名词、形容词、动词等搭配的习惯用法 (1)与名词搭配,如：at midnight 在午夜,at the head of 在……的前头,in the future 将来,in the end 最后,等； (2)与形容词搭配,如：be angry with 对（某人）生气,be afraid of 害怕,be proud of 以……自豪,等； (3)与动词搭配,如：catch up with 赶上,laugh at 嘲笑,agree with 同意……的意见,arrive in/at 到达,等； (4)其他搭配,如：instead of 代替,make room for 给…腾地方,be fed up with 厌倦,from now on从现在开始,等. 考例再现: 1．______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On (C) 2．Hawaii is famous ____ its beautiful beaches. A. for B. in C. of D. with (A) 3．He has got a chair to sit _____, but nobody to talk ___. A. on; to B. 不填; with C. on; 不填 D. 不填; to (A) 4．—You’d better not go out now. It’s raining. —It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ___ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off (D) 5．Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive _____ Paris _____ the morning of July 9. A. at; in B. in; on C. in; in D. at; on (B) 1. 人称代词 主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容词和副词的比较级 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s a book –books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词 one – first two-second twenty-twentieth 9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 动词 (1) Basic form: am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. （3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 11. there be 结构 肯定句： There is a … There are … 一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t. 否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please. 13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 形式： be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 动词—ing 的形式 Most verbs +ing walk—walking Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming 14 一般现在时.通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”. 形式： 肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day 一、一般现在时 ★ 一般现在时指经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every…等时间状语连用.肯定句谓语动词用动词原形（单三+s）, 否定句用don’t /doesn’t +动词原形,疑问句用Do/Does…+动词原形? e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 汤姆每天都做家庭作业. 否定句：Tom doesn’t do his homework everyday. 汤姆每天都不做家庭作业. 疑问句：Does Tom do his homework everyday 汤姆每天都做家庭作业吗? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的.（不,不做.） 二、现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now 连用,有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念. *Look! A train is coming .看,火车来了. *Listen! He is playing the piano.听,他在弹琴. 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行.常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用. *What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?（说话时并不在学）