英语翻译Statistical AnalysisThe data forms,which had been filled

英语翻译
Statistical Analysis
The data forms,which had been filled out by hand,were electronically entered into a database and verified by a professional data-entry vendor and then sent to the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston for analysis.Analyses were conducted with the use of the SAS 8.2 and Stata SE 8.0 statistical software packages.To compare characteristics of claims with and claims without errors,we used Fisher's exact tests (for analyses involving the sex of the plaintiff,specialty of the defendant,severity of injury,type of claim,and litigation outcomes),t-tests (for analyses involving the age of the plaintiff and filing and closure periods),and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (for analyses involving indemnity and defense costs).All reported P values are two-sided.
The total cost of claims in the sample was calculated and apportioned between claims with and those without errors.The analysis addressed the direct costs of the litigation,not the indirect costs,such as those associated with the practice of defensive medicine.22 We refer to the patient who allegedly sustained injury as the plaintiff,even though some claims were brought by third parties.We used kappa scores to measure the reliability of the determinations of injury and error.23
Results
Characteristics of the Plaintiffs
Sixty percent of the plaintiffs were female (Table 1).The median age of the plaintiffs was 38 years; 19 percent were newborns,and 12 percent were 65 years of age or older.Obstetrician-gynecologists were the most frequently sued physicians in the sample (19 percent),followed by general surgeons (17 percent) and primary care physicians (16 percent).
Table 1.Characteristics of Litigants,Injuries,and 1452 Claims.
In 37 of the claims (3 percent),no adverse outcome from medical care was evident.For example,one claim alleged that substandard care had caused the plaintiff to acquire methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,but there was no evidence of infection in the medical record or claim file.An additional 52 claims (4 percent) involved psychological or emotional injury,and 9 (

统计分析
数据形式,用手了,进了一个数据库,以电子邮件的方式进行了专业数据录入供应商再送至波士顿哈佛公共健康学院的进行分析.分析了利用SAS 8.2及Stata SE里氏8.0级的统计软件包.比较债权的特点,并声称没有错误,我们用费舍尔的确切测试(包括进行分析的性别专业的原告、被告,严重的伤害,类型的要求,和诉讼的结果),t-tests(分析涉及年龄原告和归档、截流时期),医院进行分析的rank-sum测试(包括赔偿和防御成本).所有报告的P值都是双面的.
请求的总成本计算和样品债权之间分配,没有错误.分析的直接成本提出诉讼,而不是间接成本,如防守的实践相关medicine.22我们把病人的依其申述是持续损伤的原告,即使一些所带来的声明是第三方.我们用显示分数测量的可靠性和损伤error.23决定
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告是女性(表1).原告的平均年龄是38岁,19%的人是和12%的新生儿,是65岁或以上.Obstetrician-gynecologists是最常起诉医师抽取所需的样本(19%),其次是一般外科医生(17%)和初级护理医师(16%).
表1.当事人的特点,伤病,1452索赔.
债权的37个州(3%),没有不良预后医疗非常明显.例如,一个索赔声称不合标准的指标使原告获得耐甲氧西林金葡萄球菌,但并没有什么证据表明感染