英语翻译Technology of Submerged Arc WeldingThe welding variables

英语翻译
Technology of Submerged Arc Welding
The welding variables for submerged arc welding are similar to the other arc welding processes,with several exceptions.The electrode size is related to the weld joint size and the current recommended for the particular joint.This must also be considered in determining the number of passes or beads for a particular joint.Welds for the same joint dimension can be made with many or few passes; this depends on the weld metal metallurgy desired.Multiple passes are more expensive but usually deposit higher-quality weld metal.The polarity is established initially and is based on whether maximum penetration or maximum deposition rate is required.
The major variables that affect the weld involve heat input and include the welding current,arc voltage,and travel speed.Welding current is the most important.For single-pass welds,the current should be sufficient for the desired penetration without burn-through.The higher the current,the deeper the penetration is.In multi-pass work,the current should be suitable to produce the size of the weld expected in each pass.
The arc voltage is varied within narrow limits.It has an influence on the bead width and shape.Higher voltages will cause the bead to be wider and flatter.Extremely high arc voltage can cause cracking.This is because an abnormal amount of flux is melted and excess deoxidizers may be transferred to the weld deposit,lowering its ductility.Higher arc voltage also increases the amount of flux consumed.The low arc voltage produces a stiffer arc that improves penetration,particularly in the bottom of deep grooves.If the voltage is too low,a very marrow bead will result.It will have a high crown,and the slag will be difficult to remove.
Travel speed has an influence on both bead width and on penetration.Faster speeds produce narrower beads that have less penetration.This can be an advantage for sheet metal welding,where small beads and minimum penetration are required.If speeds are too fast,however ,there is a tendency for undercut and porosity ,since the weld friezes quicker .If the travel speed is too slow,the electrode stays in the weld pool too long,which will create poor bead shape and may cause excessive spatter and flash through the layer of flux.
The secondary variables include the angle of the electrode to the work,the angle of the work itself,the thickness of the flux layer,and,most important ,the distance between the current pickup tip and the arc also called electrode stickout.
The depth of the flux layer must be controlled.If it is too thin,there will be too much arcing through the flux or arc flash.This also may cause porosity.If the flux depth is too heavy,the weld may be narrow and humped.On the subject of flux,too many fines( small particles of flux ) in the flux can cause surface pitting since the gases generated in the weld may not escape.These are sometimes called pock marks on the bead surface.
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Technology of Submerged Arc Welding
埋弧焊技术
The welding variables for submerged arc welding are similar to the other arc welding processes, with several exceptions. The electrode size is related to the weld joint size and the current recommended for the particular joint. This must also be considered in determining the number of passes or beads for a particular joint. Welds for the same joint dimension can be made with many or few passes; this depends on the weld metal metallurgy desired. Multiple passes are more expensive but usually deposit higher-quality weld metal. The polarity is established initially and is based on whether maximum penetration or maximum deposition rate is required.
埋弧焊技术的焊接变量与其他弧焊工艺的相似.但也有几个例外.电极尺寸与焊缝尺寸以及推荐给特定接头用的电流大小有关.确定特定接头的焊道或焊珠数量时也要考虑电极的尺寸.焊接相同尺寸的接头时,焊道数量可多可少,取决于所需的焊接金属冶金.多焊道的成本更高,但通过会熔覆高质量的焊接金属.极性应在一开始就根据是否需要最大焊透或熔覆率来确定.
The major variables that affect the weld involve heat input and include the welding current, arc voltage, and travel speed. Welding current is the most important. For single-pass welds, the current should be sufficient for the desired penetration without burn-through. The higher the current, the deeper the penetration is. In multi-pass work, the current should be suitable to produce the size of the weld expected in each pass.影响焊接的主要变量包括热输入量、焊接电流、弧焊电压以及焊接速度.其中焊接电流是最主要的变量.对于单焊道焊接来说,电流必须足以使焊接达到所需深度,但不能烧穿.电流越高,焊接越深.对于多焊道作业来说,电流必须适当,从而使每条焊道都获得所需的焊接尺寸.
The arc voltage is varied within narrow limits. It has an influence on the bead width and shape. Higher voltages will cause the bead to be wider and flatter. Extremely high arc voltage can cause cracking. This is because an abnormal amount of flux is melted and excess deoxidizers may be transferred to the weld deposit, lowering its ductility. Higher arc voltage also increases the amount of flux consumed. The low arc voltage produces a stiffer arc that improves penetration, particularly in the bottom of deep grooves. If the voltage is too low, a very marrow bead will result. It will have a high crown, and the slag will be difficult to remove.弧焊电压的变化范围很小.它对焊珠的宽度和形状有所影响.电压越高,焊珠越宽且越平.弧焊电压太高,则会导致开裂.这是因为融化的焊剂量太多,导致过量的去氧剂转移到堆焊上,从而降低了金属的延展性.更高弧焊电压所需要的焊剂也越多.低弧焊电压会产生刚性弧,从而使焊接更深,尤其是在深槽的底部.然而,如果电压过低,形成的焊珠会很窄,并高高隆起.这样会导致焊渣很难清除.
Travel speed has an influence on both bead width and on penetration. Faster speeds produce narrower beads that have less penetration. This can be an advantage for sheet metal welding, where small beads and minimum penetration are required. If speeds are too fast, however ,there is a tendency for undercut and porosity ,since the weld friezes quicker .If the travel speed is too slow, the electrode stays in the weld pool too long, which will create poor bead shape and may cause excessive spatter and flash through the layer of flux.焊接速度对焊珠宽度和焊透深度有影响.速度更快,焊珠更窄,且焊透深度更浅.焊接薄金属板时,速度更快更有利.因为此时需要小焊珠和浅焊透深度.然而如果速度太快,焊料起毛更快,则有可能形成咬边和气孔.如果焊接速度太低,电极在焊接熔池停留时间太长,则会形成不良焊珠、过量飞溅物和焊剂层穿孔.
The secondary variables include the angle of the electrode to the work, the angle of the work itself, the thickness of the flux layer, and, most important , the distance between the current pickup tip and the arc also called electrode stickout. 次要变量包括电极相对于工作台的角度、工作台角度、焊剂层的厚度以及导电嘴和电弧的间距（也称为电极干伸长）.其中电极干伸长是最重要的变量.
The depth of the flux layer must be controlled. If it is too thin, there will be too much arcing through the flux or arc flash. This also may cause porosity. If the flux depth is too heavy, the weld may be narrow and humped. On the subject of flux, too many fines( small particles of flux ) in the flux can cause surface pitting since the gases generated in the weld may not escape. These are sometimes called pock marks on the bead surface.
焊剂层的厚度必须得到控制.如果焊剂层太薄,则会有过量的电弧穿透焊剂或存在电弧闪光.这同样会产生气孔.如果焊剂层太厚,则焊缝可能会太窄且隆起.如果焊剂中存在太多细粉（小颗粒状焊剂）,焊接时生成的气体可能无法逸出,从而表面可能会形成点蚀.它们有时被称做焊珠表面的麻面.