英语翻译Extinction struck elements of the Australian fauna (anim

英语翻译
Extinction struck elements of the Australian fauna (animal groups) much
earlier-------when humans arrived some 40,000 years ago.Madagascar where
humans only arrived there two thousand years ago,also fits the pattern well:the larger species (elephant birds,a species of
hippo,plus larger lemurs (a kind of monkey)) rapidly disappeared soon after
humans arrived.
Indeed
only in places where earlier hominid species had lived (Africa,of course,but
also most of Europe and Asia) did the fauna,already adapted to hominid presence,
survive the first wave of the Sixth Extinction Humans began disrupting the environment as soon as they
appeared on Earth.Wherever early humans migrated,other species became
extinct.Why does the Sixth Extinction continue?Phase two of the Sixth Extinction began around 10,000 years
ago with the invention of agriculture.
Agriculture represents the single most profound
ecological change in the entire 3.5 billion-year
history of life.With its invention:humans did not have to interact with other
species for survival,and so could manipulate other species for their own use
humans did not have to adhere to the ecosystem’s carrying
capacity,and so could overpopulate Homo sapiens became the first species to stop
living inside local ecosystems.

更早的时候,即人类40000年前到达澳大利亚,灭绝就破坏了那里动物群的自然环境.2000年前,出现人类踪迹的马达加斯加也是这样：大型动物（隆鸟、河马的一种和大狐猴（猴的一种））在人类抵达后很快消失.实际上,只有在较早的人科动物栖息地（当然有非洲,还有亚欧的大部分）,已经习惯人科动物出现的动物群,才在从第6次灭绝的第一波中幸存下来.人类一出现在地球上,就开始破坏自然环境.不论早期人类迁居到哪里,都会有物种灭绝.第6次灭绝为什么会持续?第6次灭绝的第二期开始于约10000年前,即农业出现的时候.农业是整个三十五亿年生物史中最深刻的生态改变.有了它,人类不需要为了生存而和其他物种打交道,所以控制并利用其他物种；不需要遵守生态系统的承载力,所以繁殖过快.智人是不再生活在当地生态系统的第一类物种.