英语翻译Automatic start control for a three-phase electric motor

英语翻译
Automatic start control for a three-phase electric motor using infrared sensors
We introduce an equipment for the automatic activation of a three-phase electric motor (1Hp,3A,240 VAC) using 2 infrared sensors monitored by a Microchip microcontroller PIC16F624@4Mhz for the control of a filling system.This project was carried out to “Fábrica de Chocolates y Dulces Costanzo”,where the automatization of cacao grain supply was required for a machine in charge of cleaning the cacao from its rind.This process demanded the monitoring of the filling level to avoid the spill of toasted cacao.
Introduction
“Fábrica de Chocolates y Dulces Costanzo” required the automatization of cacao grain supply in one of its machines which demanded the continuous checking of hopper level to avoid the spill of toasted cacao.This process is made by a cacao elevator driven by a three-phase electric motor.The problem was solved using infrared sensors monitored by a Microchip microcontroller PIC16F624@4Mhz.
Fig.1.Control panel
Fig.2.Machine in charge of cleaning the cacao from its rind
2.General Description
The supervision of cacao level was made by a worker who was in charge to control a power switch of an electric motor.This procedure was not either reliable or profitable,because continuous spilling of the product was reported (Fig.2).We had to take into account an economic and reliable design to solve this problem.
It is important to point out that a microcontroller PIC16F624 was used instead of a PLC which is the most common option; this microcontroller has an approximated cost of 10% the value of an economic PLC.In addition this choice is reliable and fulfills the expectations of this specific project.
3.Project characteristcs
The microcontroller was programmed to check a pair of infrared sensors,one for top and another for the bottom levels of the hopper with the purpose of maintaining a constant supply of cacao to the machine by a three-phase electric motor activated by a contacor SIEMENS 3RT1017 (Fig.4).
Fig.4.SIEMENS 3RT1017 Contactor
Fig.5.Circuit board
The infrared sensors for monitoring the cacao level (Fig.6) consist on a pair of aligned infrared emitter and receiver,when obstructing the path between them,a change is registered by the microcontroller.It is important to mention that tests were made using wet cacao powder on the sensors and we observed that the dirt does not stick to the sensors.
All the electronics are integrated to a control panel (Fig.7),we use a 220V/24V-1A transformer as the power supply for the electronic circuit.In order to connect this transformer to the power line any pair of the three-phase wires may be chosen.

使用红外传感器自动控制的三相电机
　　以下介绍一种通过2个红外传感器自动开启三相电机的设备,该设备使用微芯微控制器PIC16F624@4Mhz检测传感器并控制填料系统.该项目是在Fábricade Chocolates y Dulces Costanzo（法语,大意为：达尔西·科斯坦佐巧克力工厂）进行的,该厂可可豆研磨及供料需要实现可可豆与豆壳的自动分离.此过程要求对供料料位进行监测,防止烘焙过的可可豆溅出.
　　简介
　　达尔西·科斯坦佐巧克力工厂要求其一台机器在进行可可豆研磨供料时,能够进行料斗料位连续自动监测,以防止已烘焙的可可豆溅出.此过程由一个可可豆提升机实现,提升机由一台三相电机驱动.通过使用微芯片微控制器PIC16F624@4Mhz监测的红外传感器,此项问题得以解决.
图1.控制面板
　　图2.可可豆去壳机
　　2.概述
　　可可料位监测也可由一名工人通过控制电机电源实现.但这种做法并不十分可靠,也不够经济,因为产品仍旧不断溢出（图2）.我们应该从可靠性和经济性出发,来考虑解决之道.
　　需要指出的是,我们使用微控制器PIC16F624取代了普通PLC.这种微控制器的造价仅为一套平价PLC造价的10%左右.另外,就此项目来说,采用这种办法是可靠并令人满意的.
3.项目特点
微控制器经过编程,可检测一对分别位于料斗底部和顶部的红外传感器,目的是使用一台三相电机向磨机连续供应可可豆,该电机由西门子3RT1017开关控制.
　　图4.西门子3RT1017开关
　　图5.电路板
　　用于监测可可料位的红外传感器（图6）由两个相对的红外发射器和接收器组成,当位于二者之间的通道发生堵塞,微处理器将进行记录.值得一提的是,测试过程中,我们使用的是加湿可可粉,但通过观察,未发现可可粉粘堵传感器现象.
　　所有电子元件均集成在控制面板上（图7）,我们使用220V/24V-1A变送器作为电子电路电源.三相电线中的任两根均可用于连接电源线以向变送器供电.