神马作文网英语中,虚词的作用请把各种虚词的用法及作用简述一下?主要是连词和介词
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/10 19:58:01
英语中,虚词的作用
请把各种虚词的用法及作用简述一下?
主要是连词和介词
请把各种虚词的用法及作用简述一下?
主要是连词和介词
连词的作用
连词的作用就是连接句子,词,短语,按其在句中的功能,句子可分为并列句,主从复合句.不同的连词引导的句子种类也不同.如:and, but, so, or一类连词通常引导并列句;if, as soon as, though, the moment, as…as… than 等,考生在备考复习中,可从句式分析的角度入手,把握句子的类型,通过句式,掌握连词的用法,辨析连词在不同句式中的意义差别及用法特点.连词在并列句中的用法及连接词,短语这里不再讨论,连词引导从句的功能以下表为例:
引导从句的连词的功能
主语从句
What, that, whether, who, which, when, where, how, why
宾语从句
What, that, whether, if, who, which, whose, when, where, how, why
表语从句
What, that, whether, as if, who, which, when, where, how, why
同位语从句
That, whether, when, where, how, why
定语从句
That, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, as
状语从句
时间
When, while, after, until, till, before, as, as soon as, every time, the moment, since, the first time, next time, by the time, the day, directly, immediately, instantly
地点
Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere
原因
Because, since, as, for, now that, not that…but that, seeing that
目的
So, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果
So…that, such…that, so that, with the result that
条件
If, unless, if only/only if, as/so long as, in case, supposing (that), given that, on condition that, provided/providing that
让步
Though, although, even though, even if, while, whether…or, whether…or not, whoever, whomever, wherever, whenever, however, whatever, whichever, despite the fact that, regardless of(the fact that)
比较
As, than
方式
As, as if, as though, the way
☆注意几点疏漏:
把握不住句式结构而误用连词
在英语中,两个简单句之间不用逗号隔开,要用连词连接起来,或用句号使它们单独成句.相反,主从复合句之间也不能再用并列连词连接,如:It is Sunday, we want to go shopping. 前后两个简单句应用连词连接,或在it 前加as 或在we 前加so;If you make one more effort and you'll succeed.很显然,if引导的主从复合句间不应再加连词and.掌握简单句,并列句及复合句的句式结构,也可掌握连词,避免多用,少用或误用连词.
混淆连词与关系副词
对连词where引导的状语从句和where引导的定语从句区别不清而错误使用连词.如:Put it in which you last saw it. 此句中in which无先行词,故为错误表达,正确的表达应用where作连词,引导地点状语从句.寻找是否存在先行词,是判断where作连词还是关系副词的关键.
把握不住一词多义,一词多性而误用连词
英语中有些词由于词性不同,词义差别很大,如:as作连词时,意为"当……时候,虽然,尽管,由于,因为,和……一样";作介词时,意为"作为";作关系代词时,意为"正如,正像,因此",复习中应全面掌握每一个词的用法.
对近义词,同义词把握不准而误用连词
英语中有部分近义,同义的连词,如:when, while, as, because, since, as, for 等,这些词看似相同或相近,但用法和侧重点有所差异.如:Some people waste a lot of food _______ others haven't enough to eat. A. however B. when C. as D. while
该题答案为D,前后两句为对比对照关系,而when, as无此用法.仔细辨析词义的细微差别以及不同的侧重点,是避免近义词混淆使用的方法之一.
5.不能确认固定巨型而误用连词
部分连词与一些结构搭配在一起构成固定巨型,有些考生因认不准固定巨型或对某些固定结构记忆不牢而想当然地使用连词,导致连词的误用.如:He was about to go out while the telephone rang. 本句从be about to do 可判断后面的连词应用when.Be about to do…when…为固定巨型,when在本句型中为at that time之意,不能用while替代.认准固定巨型,牢记其搭配形式可应对部分连词的考题.
6.推断不出上下逻辑关系而误用连词
连词在短文改错中常常因逻辑关系的模糊而误用.如:2004年全国卷I第84题I'm trying to improve the situation since it doesn't seem to work. 根据上下文,该句前后为转折关系而非因果关系,故应把since 改为but.学会逻辑推断,是做好此类题的前提条件.
介词和它后面的名词（或代词）构成的短语,称为介词短语,介词短语通常在句子中做状语、定语或者表语.例如：
1）I study English for the modernization of our country．我为祖国的四个现代化学习英语.（作状语）
2）She often reads books on surgery．她经常读外科书籍.（作定语）
3）The disease is due to a virus．这种疾病是由病毒引起的.（作表语）
介词短语还可以起名词作用,在句子中作主语或及物动词的宾语,另一介词的宾语以及同位语.关于介词短语这一功能,一般语法书论述较少,现归纳如下：
1．介词短语作句子的主语
4）From Boston to New York is two hundred miles．从波士顿到纽约有二百英里.
5）After supper is always too late．晚饭后总是太晚了.
6）On the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity．悬崖上耸立着一尊雕像---庄严而惹人注目.
2．介词短语作一个名词的同位语：
7）At dust,in those unearthly house between sleep and wakefulness,I have vision．黄昏,在一种不可思议的半睡状态中,我就产生了幻觉.
8）Vice-Chairman Zhou wanted to know everything about field hospitals,about the training of our medical personnel,from doctors and nurses to orderlies and cooks．周副主席想了解战地医院的每件事,关于我们医务人员的培训,从医生和护士到勤务员和炊事员.
9）Every part of the power plant,from a giant generator down to the smallest screw,had been made in China．这套发电装备的每个部件,从大型的发电机到最小的螺丝钉,都是中国制造的.
3．介词短语作及物动词的宾语：
10）The shirts on the upper shelf cost between seventy to one hundred yuan．上层架子上的衬衣,价格在70到100元之间.
11）He spent from nine to twelve in writing an article．他把9点到12点这段时间用来写一篇文章.
4．介词短语作另一介词的宾语,这样就形成了双重介词的情况.例如：
12）She is a doctor from among the nurses．她是来自护士中的医生.
13）The method has been in common use from before the 1960s．那种方法从六十年代以前就广泛使用了.
14）I'd like to wait till after the Lunar New Year．我想一直等到阴历年以后.
其他类似的还有for over five years（五年多）,except on Sundays（除星期日之外）,from behind the curtain（从幕后）,until after supper（直到晚饭后）等.
连词的作用就是连接句子,词,短语,按其在句中的功能,句子可分为并列句,主从复合句.不同的连词引导的句子种类也不同.如:and, but, so, or一类连词通常引导并列句;if, as soon as, though, the moment, as…as… than 等,考生在备考复习中,可从句式分析的角度入手,把握句子的类型,通过句式,掌握连词的用法,辨析连词在不同句式中的意义差别及用法特点.连词在并列句中的用法及连接词,短语这里不再讨论,连词引导从句的功能以下表为例:
引导从句的连词的功能
主语从句
What, that, whether, who, which, when, where, how, why
宾语从句
What, that, whether, if, who, which, whose, when, where, how, why
表语从句
What, that, whether, as if, who, which, when, where, how, why
同位语从句
That, whether, when, where, how, why
定语从句
That, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, as
状语从句
时间
When, while, after, until, till, before, as, as soon as, every time, the moment, since, the first time, next time, by the time, the day, directly, immediately, instantly
地点
Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere
原因
Because, since, as, for, now that, not that…but that, seeing that
目的
So, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果
So…that, such…that, so that, with the result that
条件
If, unless, if only/only if, as/so long as, in case, supposing (that), given that, on condition that, provided/providing that
让步
Though, although, even though, even if, while, whether…or, whether…or not, whoever, whomever, wherever, whenever, however, whatever, whichever, despite the fact that, regardless of(the fact that)
比较
As, than
方式
As, as if, as though, the way
☆注意几点疏漏:
把握不住句式结构而误用连词
在英语中,两个简单句之间不用逗号隔开,要用连词连接起来,或用句号使它们单独成句.相反,主从复合句之间也不能再用并列连词连接,如:It is Sunday, we want to go shopping. 前后两个简单句应用连词连接,或在it 前加as 或在we 前加so;If you make one more effort and you'll succeed.很显然,if引导的主从复合句间不应再加连词and.掌握简单句,并列句及复合句的句式结构,也可掌握连词,避免多用,少用或误用连词.
混淆连词与关系副词
对连词where引导的状语从句和where引导的定语从句区别不清而错误使用连词.如:Put it in which you last saw it. 此句中in which无先行词,故为错误表达,正确的表达应用where作连词,引导地点状语从句.寻找是否存在先行词,是判断where作连词还是关系副词的关键.
把握不住一词多义,一词多性而误用连词
英语中有些词由于词性不同,词义差别很大,如:as作连词时,意为"当……时候,虽然,尽管,由于,因为,和……一样";作介词时,意为"作为";作关系代词时,意为"正如,正像,因此",复习中应全面掌握每一个词的用法.
对近义词,同义词把握不准而误用连词
英语中有部分近义,同义的连词,如:when, while, as, because, since, as, for 等,这些词看似相同或相近,但用法和侧重点有所差异.如:Some people waste a lot of food _______ others haven't enough to eat. A. however B. when C. as D. while
该题答案为D,前后两句为对比对照关系,而when, as无此用法.仔细辨析词义的细微差别以及不同的侧重点,是避免近义词混淆使用的方法之一.
5.不能确认固定巨型而误用连词
部分连词与一些结构搭配在一起构成固定巨型,有些考生因认不准固定巨型或对某些固定结构记忆不牢而想当然地使用连词,导致连词的误用.如:He was about to go out while the telephone rang. 本句从be about to do 可判断后面的连词应用when.Be about to do…when…为固定巨型,when在本句型中为at that time之意,不能用while替代.认准固定巨型,牢记其搭配形式可应对部分连词的考题.
6.推断不出上下逻辑关系而误用连词
连词在短文改错中常常因逻辑关系的模糊而误用.如:2004年全国卷I第84题I'm trying to improve the situation since it doesn't seem to work. 根据上下文,该句前后为转折关系而非因果关系,故应把since 改为but.学会逻辑推断,是做好此类题的前提条件.
介词和它后面的名词（或代词）构成的短语,称为介词短语,介词短语通常在句子中做状语、定语或者表语.例如：
1）I study English for the modernization of our country．我为祖国的四个现代化学习英语.（作状语）
2）She often reads books on surgery．她经常读外科书籍.（作定语）
3）The disease is due to a virus．这种疾病是由病毒引起的.（作表语）
介词短语还可以起名词作用,在句子中作主语或及物动词的宾语,另一介词的宾语以及同位语.关于介词短语这一功能,一般语法书论述较少,现归纳如下：
1．介词短语作句子的主语
4）From Boston to New York is two hundred miles．从波士顿到纽约有二百英里.
5）After supper is always too late．晚饭后总是太晚了.
6）On the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity．悬崖上耸立着一尊雕像---庄严而惹人注目.
2．介词短语作一个名词的同位语：
7）At dust,in those unearthly house between sleep and wakefulness,I have vision．黄昏,在一种不可思议的半睡状态中,我就产生了幻觉.
8）Vice-Chairman Zhou wanted to know everything about field hospitals,about the training of our medical personnel,from doctors and nurses to orderlies and cooks．周副主席想了解战地医院的每件事,关于我们医务人员的培训,从医生和护士到勤务员和炊事员.
9）Every part of the power plant,from a giant generator down to the smallest screw,had been made in China．这套发电装备的每个部件,从大型的发电机到最小的螺丝钉,都是中国制造的.
3．介词短语作及物动词的宾语：
10）The shirts on the upper shelf cost between seventy to one hundred yuan．上层架子上的衬衣,价格在70到100元之间.
11）He spent from nine to twelve in writing an article．他把9点到12点这段时间用来写一篇文章.
4．介词短语作另一介词的宾语,这样就形成了双重介词的情况.例如：
12）She is a doctor from among the nurses．她是来自护士中的医生.
13）The method has been in common use from before the 1960s．那种方法从六十年代以前就广泛使用了.
14）I'd like to wait till after the Lunar New Year．我想一直等到阴历年以后.
其他类似的还有for over five years（五年多）,except on Sundays（除星期日之外）,from behind the curtain（从幕后）,until after supper（直到晚饭后）等.