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比如像“祈使句+and+陈述句”是一个固定句型,相当于一个条件状语从句.那么在英语中,还有哪些关于祈使句的固定句型,他们

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比如像“祈使句+and+陈述句”是一个固定句型,相当于一个条件状语从句.那么在英语中,还有哪些关于祈使句的固定句型,他们又分别相当于什么?
比如像“祈使句+and+陈述句”是一个固定句型,相当于一个条件状语从句.那么在英语中,还有哪些关于祈使句的固定句型,他们
一、祈使句的表现形式 I .肯定结构 : 1. Do 型 ( 动词原形 + 宾语 + 其它成分 ) .如 :Please have a seat here. 请这边坐.  有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略. 如 :This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走. 2. Be 型 (Be + 表语 ( 名词或形容词 )+ 其它成分 ) .如 :Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子 ! 3. Let 型 (Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分 ) .如 :Let me help you. 让我来帮你. II .否定结构 : 1. Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 Don’t 构成.如 : Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我 ! Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到 ! 2. Let 型的否定式有两种 : “ Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“ Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”. 如 : Don’t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走. 3. 有些可用 no 开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句. 如 : No smoking! 禁止吸烟 ! No parking! 禁止停车 ! 二、 let 型祈使句剖析 I .let 带头的祈使句的几种用法: 由 let 带头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种: ① 表示“建议”. 这个句型里的 let 后头常紧跟着第一人称的代词宾语, 如: Let me try. Let's do it. Let me go and look for it.   ② 表示“间接命令”或“愿望”.  这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词, 如:Let Dick take charge of the meeting.   Let her join our discussion.   ③ 表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等.   这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主.除了口气强硬之外,有时还语带讽刺, 如:Let him try and he will face many difficulties. Let the wolves come and the villagers will kill them in a few minutes. II .使用 let 的几点注意: ① 根据人称合理选用 let 的否定句.如果宾语是第三人称用 Don't let… 如: Don’t let this type of things happen again. 如果宾语是第一人称,则用 Let… not 如: It’s raining now. Let’s not go out until after the rain. ② "Let" 只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 如: Let all the invitations be sent to all his friends. Let all the mistaken words be corrected. ③ Let 后头除了是不带 to 的不定式动词之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如 out, in, down, alone , be 等 如: Let the puppy out.    Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. Let him be, please. ④ 用 Let’s 时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用 Let us 时,并不包括对方,如:  如: Let's try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 三、祈使句结构中反意疑问句运用解析 祈使句反意疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分,有四种形式. 1 .祈使句的肯定形式,其反意问句表示“请求”时,通常用 will you ;表示“邀请、劝说”时,用 won’t you . 例 Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给我们写信,好吗?(表示“请求”) Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚跟我们一起来吃饭,好吗?(表示“邀请”) 2 .祈使句的否定形式,其反意疑问句通常只用 will you 构成.例:Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 请不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? 3 .变异祈使句,即句首为一呼语,后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句,这时,我们应视该句子为无主语的祈使句结构,反意疑问句部分要用 will you 构成.如:Dick, you take all these tables out of the room, will you? 迪克,你把这些桌子都搬出房间,好吗? 4 .Let 开头的祈使句,构成反意疑问句时,除 Let’s 用 shall we 构成反意疑问句外,其它均用 will you .如:Let the boy go first, will you? 让那男孩先走,好吗? Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后,我们去散步,好吗? 五、分离否定词,有效解答反意问句 由于受思维习惯的影响,不少同学们对英语反意疑问句回答往往把握不准,尤其是问句本身含有否定词时,出错的可能性也明显增加. --Don’t make the same mistake , will you? --_______ . 从例子来看,首先要弄清语境所含意义,“下次别犯同样的错误好吗?”回答当然是允诺对方下次不再犯错.事实上解决此类问题有一简单的规律可循:只要分离以上问句中的 not ,按照事实来回答,事实是肯定的,用 yes , 事实是否定的用 no .结合例题,分离 not 后原例题的请求成为“ Make the same mistake, will you?” 回顾上文语境所表达的意义,当然不能再犯同样的错误,所以回答应为: No .根据解题经验 , 如果已选用 no 回答,其后应是否定形式;选用 yes 回答 , 它后面应该接肯定形式.所以本题回答的完整形式是: No, I won’t. 六、祈使句 + and/or + 句子,这种结构中 and/or 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时. 如:Work hard and you'll succeed. Work hard or you'll fail. 在以上的句型中,祈使句实际上充当了条件句的作用,可以改写成: If you work hard ,you’ll succeed. If you work hard ,you’ll fail. 对于连词 and/or 的选择,主要根据相应连词前后的意义,顺接选择 and , 逆接则为 or . 特别注意该句型的变化形式: --I tried many times, but I still failed to complete the experiment. --Cheer up . ______ and the problem will be solved A. I have a little effort B. Having a little effort C. If you have a bit effort D. A bit more effort D 项为 Have a bit more effort 的省略形式,属祈使句复合句型. 七、柔化祈使句 祈使句最常用于表达命令,语气较为生硬.事实上表示指示或指令的祈使句可以用下列方式柔化,使其变成很有礼貌的请求: 如: Turn on the light. ( 开灯.── 指示 ) → Please turn on the light. / Turn on the light, please. or: Turn on the light, would / could you? or: Could / Would you please turn on the light? or: Would you mind turning on the light? 八、在动词原形之前加 do, 表示强调. (只限于省略第二人称主语的句子).如:Do take this seat. 坐这儿.Do be careful. 务必小心. 值得一提的是祈使句的反意疑问句,我们习惯上常用 will, 事实上, Quirk 等学者在《英语语法大全》中说,祈使句后的附加疑问句除了用 will 或 won't 外,也可以用其他一些助动词和主语.以下是用 can 的两个例句:Open the door ,can't you ?Don't make a noise ,will you ?/can you ?
如:章振邦在其主编的《新编英语语法》说,为使祈使句听起来比较婉转客气,可加 won't you ? can / can't you ?如: Have a cup of tea , won't you ? Give a hand , can / can't you ? 张鑫友 教授在《英语语法难题新探》认为:当前面句子是第二人称祈使句时,其附加疑问句用肯定形式 will ( can / would ) you 或其否定形式 won't ( can't / wouldn't ) you 均可,肯定式较为婉转. 如: Have a little more coffee ,will you ?请再喝点咖啡! Come down quickly , can't you ?请快点下来吧. Stop that noise , won't you ?你们不要吵了,好吗? 由此可见,当句子是祈使句时,其附加疑问句用助动词 will 或 can 都行. 例证性试题: 1.Please give ____ to your sister. A. me best regards B. my best regards C. mine best regards D. my best regard 2.—Have a good trip. — _______. A. The same to you B. Thank you C. You are welcome D. That’s all right 3. —Don’t be late for class, will you? — ________. A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will . D. Yes, I won’t 4. —Do come to see me next time you are in town. — _______. A. Sure , go ahead B. Yes, I do. C. Sure, I will. D. No, I don’t. 5. —Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the lab. — _______. A. No, I don’t. B. No, I won’t . C. Yes, I won’t forget. D. Yes, I will. 6. Lucy , _____ the fish and chicken, please. — No, thanks. I’m full. A. help to B. help yourself to C. please eat D. help you to 7.Don’t _____ on these useless things. A. waste some more money B. waste any more times C. cost any more money D. spend any more money 8. Praise him and he _______ much greater progress. A. makes B. will make C. is going to make D. make 9.Mary, you bring the magazine here, ________? A. will you B. do you D. aren’t you D. mustn’t you 10. — This seems a very nice hotel. — Yes, let’s ________ and go and have a rest. I’m tired. A. check in B. check out C. check up D. check off 11. ______ off the light or you’ll be scolded by your brother. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 12. Let’s go to the park and fly the kite, ________? A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. do we 13. Let us have a break, _______? A. will you B. shall we C. must we D. have we 14. Come to my birthday party next Monday, ______? A. won’t you B. must you C. do you D. don’t you 15. Don’t play in the rain, ______? A. won’t you B. will you C. do you D. don’t you 参考答案: 1. BBB 4.CBB 7.DBA 10.ACA 13.AAB 答案解析: 1. 考查 give one’s regards to somebody, 要注意在表示问候时,单词 regard 要以复数形式出现.其它表示问候的还有 :say Hi/Hello to somebody, give one’s love to somebody, give one’s best wishes to somebody, remember (me) to somebody , 选择 B . 2. 祈使句式重点考查交际,对别人的祝愿,应该有礼貌地表示感谢.容易干扰的是选项 A ,排除原因是听话者并不一定也去旅游.选择 B . 3. 根据上文第五条,分离 not ,事实就清楚了,结合常识上课当然不能再迟到,选择态度 No ,前后要保持一致,故选择 B . 4. 本题的重点在考查 Yes 的变形问题,再结合祈使句一般总是与 will 相伴,选择 C . 5. 类型同习题 3 ,选择 B . 6. 考查固定短语 help oneself to something, 选择 B . 7. 考查动词固定搭配法, spend how much money on something, 选项 A 没有考虑到否定句式, B 项没有区分 money 这一不可数名词,选择 D . 8. 考查高中重要语法点,即本文第 6 条,在该句型中用 will , 不能用 be going to 代替.选择 B . 9. 考查一种特殊的祈使句,即带有主语的祈使句,牢记祈使句与 will 相伴,轻松解题,选择 A . 10. 考查固定短语,从语境需要休息,应选择 check in , “登记入住”,而 check out , “ 结帐离开 ”, 选择 A . 11. 与第 8 小题类似,但重心有所变化,突出祈使句应以原形动词开头,选择 C . 12. Let’s 构成的反意疑问句,用 shall we, 选择 A . 13. Let us 构成的反意疑问句 , 用 will you, 选择 A . 14. 表示邀请的反意疑问句,其附加疑问部分用否定形式,选择 A . 15. 同第 3 , 5 小题,选择 B .