高中英语语法,另外能解释一下quite/pretty/rather/farily的用法吗?

高中英语语法,另外能解释一下quite/pretty/rather/farily的用法吗?

quite的意思是“相当；完全地”,是一个副词,但它很特殊.它不但能修饰动词、形容词、副词、分词,还能修饰名词、介词短语等.
一、quite修饰形容词、副词等.例如：
She is quite right．她完全正确.
This is quite impossible．这是完全不可能的.
I know how to use the machine quite well．我完全知道怎么使用这台机器.
He worked quite hard．他工作很努力.
二、quite修饰名词.
1．当名词前没有形容词修饰时,quite要放在冠词前.例如：
quite a lot（许多）,quite a time（很长一段时间）,quite an effort（很大努力）,quite a while（一段相当长的时间）,quite a few（相当多）,quite a little（相当多；大量的）
2．当名词前有形容词修饰时,quite可放在冠词前,也可放在冠词之后,但放在冠词之前较普遍.例如：
He is quite a clever boy．（较普遍）
或He is a quite clever boy．他是一个相当聪明的孩子.
三、quite与not连用,常构成“not quite”结构,表示部分否定,意思是“没有完全……”.例如：
She is not quite well．她没有完全康复.
I don't quite understand the problem．我并没有完全理解这道题.
四、“完全一样”要用exactly the same,不用quite the same.“不完全一样”可说not quite the same.
五、“完全赞同”可说quite agree,但反义一般不说quite disagree.
pretty表示很,非常这样的意思在美式口语中用的比较多,跟very没什么区别,如果是非正式的书信往来（比如朋友间的）也可以用,但不能在正式书面语（比如商务信函）中出现
rather than 用法小结
rather than 是一个并列连词,用法比较复杂,现归纳如下：
1. rather than 与would 连用时,构成“would rather...than...”句式,意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一.例如：
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们.
2. rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”.它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等.现分述如下：
(1) 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者.
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营.
注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致.
(2) 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮.
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里.
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞.
(4) 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们.
(5) 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话.
注意：rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句.但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式.如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了.
(6) 连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的,而不是走来的.
注意：这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望.如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解.
would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather,表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth.would rather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用would rather.
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式,美国英语中多用had rather.would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,它是一个情态助动词,且无词性、时态变化.
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐.
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着,那我们都离开这儿.
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作.
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书.
二、如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影.
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车.
请注意 1） would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would….Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式,若选用的动词相同,那么than 后的动词可以省略.
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭.
He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒.
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作,他宁愿放弃.
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”,即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等.
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班.
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话.
三、在疑问句式中,would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里,还是回家?
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉?
Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗?
四、would rather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来.其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”.引导从句的that常省略.在谈到过去的动作时,谓语则用过去完成时.
n.家；家族；（大）家庭（包括父母子女及近亲）；语族
adj.家庭的；一家所有的；属于家庭的；适合全家人的