过去分词的用法是什么什么时候用过去分词

过去分词的用法是什么
什么时候用过去分词

过去分词用法透视过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语,在历届高考试题中,过去分词都是考查的重点,现结合历届高考试题,对其用法作一简要分析.一、              作定语. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词的后面.过去分词作定语是高考考查的重点.如：1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _______ as 3M. (2004浙江)  A. knowing     B. known      C. being known     D. to be known析：答案B.过去分词known短语作Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company的定语,表示被动.2.The first textbooks       for teaching English as a foreign Language came out in the 16^th century.                                                       (NMET94)A. having written    B. to be written    C. being written    D. written析：该题旨在考查分词作定语的用法.句中的the first textbooks与write之间是被动关系,而且write 所表示的动作已经完成,故应排除A、B、C三个选项,Written相当于that were written.3.The Olympic Games,      in 776B.C, did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)A.     first playing   B. to be first played   C. first played   D. to be playing析:此题是考查过去分词作非限制性定语的用法.句中The Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,故排除A、D  项.B项是不定式的被动式,表示“未来”,故也排除.因此,应该选C项,它相当于一个非限制性定语从句which were first played.4.The computer center,     last year, is very popular among the students in this school                                                          .(MET93)A. open    B. opening   C. having opened    D. opened 析:此题也是考查过去分词作非限制性定语,opened与先行词the computer center之间是被动关系,相当于which was opened last year. 既“去年开业的”.二、作宾语补足语.如：5.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _______ often enough.  (2005年天津) A. explaining      B. to explain    C. explain     D. explained析：答案D.explained短语作宾补,表示交通规则已被解释的足够多了.6.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself_________.        (MET’91) A. hear       B. to hear        C. hearing       D. heard析：此题正确答案为D.make sb. do sth.和 make sb. done都是固定短语,但此句的意思是：heard.7.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the near year. (NMET’2000) A. carry out       B. carrying out       C. carried out      D. to carry out析：此题考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语的用法.四个选项均为短语动词carry our的不同形式.题干中关系代词that引导的一个定语从句,修饰先行词 the plan,that表示 the plan的意义,并在定语从句中充当see的宾语.See后跟的是复合宾语结构,其中宾语that是其后宾补 carry out动作的承受者,故宾补用过去分词.8.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back..       (MET’91)  A. being tied       B. having tied         C. to be tied       D. tied析：该题旨在考查“with+复合宾语”结构.由四个选项可知,充当宾语补足语的是非谓语动词.his hands与tie之间的关系为被动关系,而且表示tie的动作已经完成,因此排除A、B、C项.三、作状语. 过去分词短语作状语通常说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况,也表原因,时间,条件等,与其逻辑主语是被动关系.如：9._______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.                                               （2005年上海）  A. Put       B. Putting      C. Having put     D. Being put析：答案A.the hotline时put的动作被执行者,所以要用过去分词作状语,表示被动.10._______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（2005江苏） A. Having lost     B. Lost     C. Being lost    D. Losing析：答案B.本题考查过去分词作时间状语.Lost的意思是“迷路”,这两个学生在山中迷失达两周之后.11._______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.   A. Being founded    B. It was founded    C. Founded     D. Founding   (2000年上海)析：本题考查过去分词作时间状语的用法.答案为C.句中过去分词短语Founded in 1636相当于Since it was founded in 1636.12._______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.  A. Given      B. To give       C. Giving        D. Having given      (2000年春季)析：此题考查非谓语动词得用法.当分词或分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语.当句子主语去支配分词动作时,用现在分词的主动形式；当句子主语接受分词动作时,用过去分词形式.本题中句子主语是形式主语,动词不定式to recover from the operation才是意义上的主语.它对于分词动作只能是接受,而不可能是支配.据此就可以排除C、D两项.动词不定式作状语,可以表示目的或结果,而此句意思内容不需要这种状语,可以排除B项.此外,given短语是一种十分特殊的用法,相当于considering…或者Taking into account的意思.前半句可以译为：从他身体的总情况看来,所以正确答案是A项Given.13.The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.    (NMET2002)  A. begins        B. having begun         C. beginning       D. begun析：该题考查考生对句义的理解和对非谓语动词的掌握情况.在once…nothing can be done to change it.这一句子中,begin的逻辑主语为the research,而该处强调的是人的作用,所以采用了被动形式,并将其完全形式once the research is begun缩略为once begun.四、作表语. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态.如：14.The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ________. (2005年湖北) A. to spend     B. spent      C. being spent    D. spending析：答案B.此题考查系表结构和非谓语动词.Spent是过去分词作表语.15.The play was so________ that nearly everybody was ________ to tears.   A. moved; moving     B. moved; moved     C. moving; moved    D. moving; moving析：答案为C.要注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语的特征或所处的状态,而被动语态表示一个动作.