英语翻译Challenges associated with coordinating crisis response

英语翻译
Challenges associated with coordinating crisis response are well documented via lessons learned from real-world disasters (The 9/11 Commission 2004; Aubrey2002; McEntire 2002; Perry 2003; Tierney et al.2001).The waves of e-government are rising through public management across the world.Compared to the traditional government,one of the major advantages of e-government lies in its timeliness and accuracy while transmitting information,which provides the favorable conditions for the effective prevention,rapid processing and comprehensive assessment of the crisis.This paper proposes a new type of information communication mechanism of governmental crisis management based on e-government.
II.INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND GOVERNMENTAL
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
A.Definition and Key Concepts
Seeger,Sellnow and Ulmer[1] explain that crises are "specific,unexpected,and non-routine events or series of events that create high levels of uncertainty and threat or perceived threat to an organization's high priority goals." Venette[2] argues that "crisis is a process of transformation where the old system can no longer be maintained." It may be an unstable and dangerous social situation,in political,social,economic,military affairs,or a large-scale environmental event,especially one involving an impending abrupt change.
Governmental crisis management means that the Government's management activities of crisis events and other correlative affairs,aims to improve government's ability to foresee the crisis,ability to response and control during the crisis,treatment ability after the crisis,to handle crisis timely and effective,to restore normal order of society.
Information communication refers to the process that in order to achieve a certain goal,information publishers transmit compiled information to the message receiver,and then the receiver will compile and interpret the compiled information.A complete communication process is the role exchange process of the information sender and the information receiver.

协调危机反应中出现的各种挑战在真实灾难给我们的教训中有生动的记载.（9.11委员会2004； Aubrey2002; McEntire 2002; Perry 2003; Tierney et al.2001文献）
电子政府的浪潮在公共管理中涌现,正向全世界扩展.
与常规的政府向比,电子政府主要的优势之一在于它不受时间约束,传递信息精准,保障良好的条件一共有效防止、迅速处理、综合评估各种危机.
本文提出一种基于电子政府的新型政府危机管理中的信息传递机制.
II, 信息传播和政府危机管理
A.定义和主要概念
Seeger, Sellnow and Ulmer（[1]人名）阐述到,危机是指“特定的、意料之外、不合常规的、对一个组织的最高目标引起高度动荡和威胁,或可预见威胁的事件.”
Venette[2] 认为,：“危机是一个变革的过程,此时旧的系统不再能够维持.
它可能是不稳定和危险的社会态势,在政治、社会、经济、军事层面或大规模的环境事件,特别是急切而突然的一个变化.
政府的危机管理是指着政府对危机事件和后续事务的管理行动,其目的是提高政府遇见危机的能力,反应和控制危机的能力,危机后治理能力,及时有效的处理以恢复社会的正常秩序.
信息传播是指为了达成目标,信息发布者想接收者传递所其编辑的信息,接受者可以编制并解释这些信息的过程.
完整的信息传播过程是一个信息的发出者和接收者之间角色互换的过程.