以读促写,博采众长 浅谈如何通过英语阅读教学来提升书面表达能力

以读促写,博采众长 浅谈如何通过英语阅读教学来提升书面表达能力

浅谈如何通过英语阅读教学来提升书面表达能力 叶浅予中学：洪新慧 2011.4.18 初中英语对于 “读”的5级目标 1． 能根据上下文和构词法推断,理解生词的含义. 2． 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系. 3． 能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情 节的发展和可能的结局. 4． 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料. 5． 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息. 6． 能利用字典等工具书进行学习. 7． 除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上. 初中英语对于“写”的5级目标 1． 能根据写作要求,收集,准备素材. 2． 能独立起草短文,短信等,并在教师指 导下进行修改. 3． 能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系. 4． 能简单描述人物或事件 5． 能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操 作说明 初中英语教学中“读”与“写”的辩证关系 1. 阅读与写作是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、 相辅相成的技能. 2. 阅读和写作是两个相似的、动态的、相互作用 的过程,都包含有预先存在的记忆结构,都对 语篇结构进行分析,并且都包含有理解和创作 的行为. 3. 读为写积累了素材,写是读的一个反馈.读是 语言的输入,写是语言的输出与生成. 1. 引导学生去广泛阅读.（一天一个故事,课前抽查学生讲故事,并让学生事先给出所设置的问题.听、说、读、写的全面结合） 2. 板书名言警句.（一天一句 No pains, no gains. Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. Practice makes perfect. Every coin has two sides.） 3. 让学生准备摘抄本.摘抄阅读到的优秀句子和词组,并进行自我的内化.即用所摘抄的句子或词组造句或编小故事.课文中的重点单词和词组都要求学生造句子,最好是能连成有情节的故事. 4. 收集同龄人所写的优秀范文（报刊杂志或每次统考之后的优秀作文,将其打印出来,可供学生复制、粘贴形成个人自己的范文库.） 1. 精选各个文体的片段,引导学生去关注文章的结构.（应用文、说明文、记叙文、议论文）,模仿范文结构进行写作. 2. 经过大量的范文阅读,总结出各个文体的框架结构.例如：说明文当中的一些呈现步骤的词：first,next,then,finally等.议论文中的,in my opinion,besides,what’s more；以及记叙文中的five questions等） 3. 随机抽取学生作文,进行欣赏或删改,利用集体的力量将其改成一篇出色的范文.从而引导学生进行作文的自我修改. 4. 以课内阅读文章入手,切实将“读”和“写”有机结合起来. 如何实施从课内文章的“精读”来实现书面表达能力的提升 现在的英语教材取材广泛,体裁多样,文字流量大,语言生动、地道.学生的阅读理解能力在学习课文的过程中可以得到系统的训练、培养和提高.因此,提高英语阅读能力首先应该立足于课文的学习.具体而言可以从以下几个方面展开： 1. 在阅读中记忆细节—— 阅读中要以细节阅读为核心,有意识地提高学生获取信息和处理信息的能力.每一篇文章的事实和细节都贯穿始终.抓住人名、地名、时问、数字等细节去记忆,便于理解文章的主要内容和中心论点.对此尽量设置一些细节问题,引导学生关注细节.那么在写作的过程中也要学生能够有意识地围绕这些问题将文章的细节描述清楚. 2. 在阅读中生成提纲——阅读中老师还可根据文章的不同体裁,帮助学生理顺并概括文章中提供的描写性细节、说明性细节、事实性细节、说理性细节和比较性细节.按照逻辑线索、时间和空间顺序、人物之间的关系以及人物的言行目的和事物发展的因果关系,将其列成提纲或做成表格,这样可以一目了然、清晰明白.那么在写相应的文章时,也可以鼓励学生先列出类似的提纲,围绕提纲将文章描述清楚.（语文作文也常要求学生列提纲） 如何实施从课内文章的“精读”来实现书面表达能力的提升 3. 在阅读后展开讨论—— 通过讨论,提高认识,拓宽视野,加强语言运用.这一环节中教师要尽力创造一个宽松和谐的讨论环境,鼓励学生大胆开口说英语.引导学生说出文章大意,展开讨论,交流心得,将原文再现和拓展,这样同时也带动了对语言知识的学习和巩固.无形中将课本知识内化为学生自己的东西.成为今后写作的素材. 4. 在阅读后进行文章复述—— 如果可能还要让学生试着将细节用自己的话重新表述(retell),这种复述有两个好处：其一是因为考试阅读中的细节考查题常常是采取间接叙述法提出的.要在表层理解的基础上,对课文进行总结归纳,以理解文章的深层意义,提高独立分析、综合概括和推理判断的能力；其二可以进一步巩固所学的知识点和常用表达方法.（常用的方法是：fill in blanks,内容多为课文中出现的生词,常用表达方法.学生填写好之后,删去其余的东西,只留下这些常用的表达法和重点单词,请学生复述.课后作业就是以这些单词和短语为基础完成一篇不少于80个词的文章,文体和情节都不限.这样既拓展了学生的创作空间,又减少了雷同的文章.班里学生对于这样的作业都很有兴趣完成.下节课中及时评出优秀作品进行陈列. Read and pay attention to the red word. If I become an athlete, will I be happy? For many young people , becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. If you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love. If you become famous, people all over the world will know you. Many athletes give money to schools and charities, and do a lot of work to help people. This is a great chance that many people do not have. However, professional athletes can also have many problems. If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult. if you play sports for a living, your job will sometimes be very dangerous. Many professional athletes get injured. And if you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are. In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy. They say they were happier before they became rich and famous. Fill in the blanks. If I become an athlete, will I be happy? ____many young people , ____ a professional athlete might ___ ____ a dream job. If you become a _______ _____, you’ll be able to _____ __ ____ ___ something you love. If you become famous, people __ ____ __ _____will know you. Many athletes give money to schools and ____, and do a lot of work ___ ____ people. This is a great _____ that many people do not have. _____, professional athletes can also have many ____. If you are _____, people will watch you ___ ___ ___ and follow you _______. This can make life ______. If you play sports ___ ___ ____, your job will sometimes be very _______. Many professional athletes ____ _____. And if you become rich, you will ____ ____ _____ _____ _____ who your real friends are. _____ _____, many famous people__________ that they are not happy. They say they were ______ before they became rich and famous. For being seem like professional athlete make a living doing all over the world charities to help chance However problems famous all the time everywhere difficult for a living dangerous get injured have a difficult time knowing In fact complain happier Read and pay attention to the red word. If I become an athlete, will I be happy? For … , becoming … seem like …. … professional athlete, … make a living doing …, … all over the world … charities, … to help …. … chance … However, … problems. … famous, … all the time … everywhere. … difficult. … for a living, … dangerous. … get injured. …, … have a difficult time knowing …. In fact, … complain …. … happier …. HOMEWORK: 请联系以下词组,发挥想象,写一篇不少于80个词的文章,文体不限,需有一定的故事情节和可读性. make a living; give money to…; have more chances to do sth.; watch you all the time; follow you everywhere; have a difficult time doing sth; in fact; complain (about) 1. 多积累素材,并定期相互交流素材,借助集体的力量. 2. 引导学生关心社会,注意社会动态,注意媒体信息,以便是适时而用.（利用课前或业余时间引导学生关注非典、禽流感、南方雪灾、汶川地震、北京奥运、日本核辐射等）. 3. 鼓励学生模仿范文,学以致用.对于优秀作文通过各种途径大力表扬和宣传.（加分,展览,广播播诵,或者换班交流） 4. 请学生批改学生的作文,并写上自己的评语.由学生选出优秀作文,附推荐理由.这样的批改的过程更是一种自我学习和提升的过程.更重要的是在很大程度上减轻了教师繁重的批改任务.