英语翻译Cleaning,finishing castings after solidification and rem

英语翻译
Cleaning,finishing castings
after solidification and removal fromthe molds,most castings require some cleaning and finishing operations.these may involve all or several of the following steps
1.removing cores
2.removing gates and risers
3.removing fins and rough spots from the surface
4.cleaning the surface
5.repairing any defects
the required operations are not always done in the same order,and the particular casting process may eliminate some of them.because cleaning and finishing operations may involve considerable expense,some consideration should be given to them in designing castings and in selecting the casting method to be used.often substantial savings can be effected.in recent years much attention has been given to mechanizing these operations.
sand cores usually can be removed by shaking.sometimes they must be removed by dissolving the core binder.on small castings,gates and risers can often be knocked off.however,on large castings,and offen on small castings,they must be cut off.on nonferrous and cast iron castings this usually is done by means of an abrasive cutoff wheel,power hacksaw or bandsaw.gates and risers on steel castings,especially large ones,are often removed by an oxyaceylene torch.
After the gates and risers are removed,small castings are often put through tumbling barrels,to remove fins,snags,and sand that adhere to the surface.Tumbling also may be used to remove cores and,in some cases,gates and risers.Frequently,some type of shot or slug material is added to the barrel to aid in the cleaning.Larger castings may be passed through a cleaning chamber on a conveyor,wherein they are subjected to blasts of abrasive or cleaning material.Larger castings usually have to be finished manually,using pneumatic chisels,portable grinders,and manually directed blast hoses in separate cleaning rooms.
Although it is desirable that castings contain no defects,it is inevitable that some will occur,particularly in large castings where only one or a few of a particular design are made.Some types of defects can be repaired readily and satisfactorily by arc welding.However,it is imperative that the casting be of a material that can be welded satisfactorily,that all defective areas be removed down to sound metal by grinding,or chipping,and that a sound repair weld be made.

清洗,整理铸件
凝固后和清除fromthe模具,铸件需要一些最清洁和整理活动.这些可能涉及的所有或几个下列步骤
1.移除内核
2.移除盖茨和管
3.移除鳍和难事从表面
4.清理表面
5.修理任何缺陷
所需的行动并不总是做同样的秩序,特别是铸造工艺可以消除其中的一些.由于清洁和整理的行动可能涉及相当大的开支,一些应该考虑到他们在设计和选择铸件的铸造方法使用.往往可以获得大量节省受到影响.近年来,很多重视机械化这些行动.
砂芯通常可以去除摇晃.有时 ,他们必须拆除解散核心粘结剂.小铸件,盖茨和管往往可以拖.然而,在大型铸件以及offen小铸件,他们必须切断.在有色金属和铸铁件,这通常是通过一个磨料截止轮,电力钢锯或带锯.盖茨和上升的钢铸件,尤其是大企业,往往是由一个oxyaceylene删除火炬.
之后,盖茨和管被删除,小铸件往往通过翻滚桶,以消除鳍,是1983年,是坚持和沙子的表面.滚筒也可用于消除内核,在某些情况下,盖茨和risers.Frequently ,某些类型的枪击或弹头材料添加到每桶以协助清理.较大的铸件可通过清洁室的传送带,在那里他们受到爆炸的磨料或清洁material.Larger铸件通常都必须手工完成,采用气动凿子,便携式磨床,并手动指示喷砂胶管在单独清洗室.
尽管可取的做法是不包含铸件的缺陷,这是不可避免的,有些会发生,特别是在大型铸件,只有一个或几个特定设计的意见.某些类型的缺陷可以修复容易和令人满意的弧焊接
.然而 ,当务之急是铸造是一种物质,可焊接令人满意,所有有缺陷的地区被删除,以健全的金属研磨,或削,而且一个健全的维修焊接作.